英 语 作 文 技 巧 训 练

四 级 作 文 技 巧 与 训 练

Composition Skills for CET-4

写作基本理论与技巧

英语短文写作是四级考试中的一个难点。在学习写作前，我们应明确一篇好的短文的基本要求。

主题句

开篇段→ 扩展句 1、2 … （结尾句） 主题句

文章 → 扩展（中心）段 → 扩展句 1、2 … （结尾句） 主题句

结尾段→ 扩展句 1、2 … （结尾句）

好的作文必须符合的基本要求是：句子用词准确、合乎语法逻辑、句式富于变

结构紧凑、转换自然、环环相扣

化。不仅句句之间具有统一性和连贯性，而且段段之间也应如此。文章脉络清晰、

一：四级作文评分原则与标准

四级作文要求在30分钟内写出一篇不少于100单词的短文。试卷可以是命题的，看图的，写信的等等。要求切题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，文理通顺，无重大语言错误。

大学英语的作文采取总体评分的办法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按照语言的错误数目扣分（但典型的错误会有很大的影响）。从内容和语言两个方面综合评分，既要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切的表达思想，也就是也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 作文写作满分为15分，分为5个等级，即14分、11分、8分、5分、2分。阅卷根据所定的等级来评分，若认为某一作文接近8分档，即可判定为8分，若认为稍好于或次于8分，则可加一分或减一分而成9分或7分。其各个档的标准如下：

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14 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些8 是严重错误。 5 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 2 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子有错误，且多为严重语言错误。 0 白卷。作文与题目毫无关系。作文里仅有几个单词。 注意：作文从6分以下开始倒扣分，即作文得5分，总分扣1分；作文得4分，总分扣2分；作文得3分，总分扣3分依次类推。作文为0分时，总分无论多少都判为不及格。

作文中字数不够时的扣分（酌情）： 累计字数 扣分

90—99 1 80— 2 70—79 3 60—69 5 50—59 7 <49 9 二：四级作文范例分析

下面我们通过四级真题评分卷来看看评分的原则与标准

（一） 2002年1月：（A letter to the University President about the

Canteen Service on Campus） _______ points: Dear Mr. President, 2002

I’m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I’m not content with the canteen service on campus.

Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dished, but all the year, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety. Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.

Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can’t enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.

Those presented suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.

By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.

_______points:

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Jan 12th,

Dear Mr. President, 2002

Jan 12th,

I’m really sorry to occupy your spare time. As a member of all students in our

university, I have some important thing about our canteen to tell you. I think our canteen is not well enough for us. As follows: firstly, the price is too high for some of us to afford. We also find that the price of most food is higher than any other universities in our city. Moreover, though the high price, it hasn’t brought with the good quality of the food. Could you consider that the price should be lowdown a little?

But, every coin has its two sides. I think the surroundings in our canteen is the best one in the city. And I know that it has been equipped with 8 TV sets since last year. This is a good way which we can get more information from. At last, I want to give some suggestions to improve our canteen. Add some kinds of food will saticefy the more students.

Thank you. I really hope you can think over my suggestions.

_______points: Dear Mr. President, 2002

My name is Li Ming. I am your student in grade three.

Today, I write this letter to you, my dear president. I want tell you something about

Jan 12,

th

the canteen service on campus. Our university have ten campuses. But the same food in different campus, the price is not same. I want to know why the price is different campus. The word of the menu is too small to see it clearly. We have to ask the cooker what food we have today. It waste us too many time. Because long time will cause the food cold, we need hot food. At last I want let you know. I love our university very much. So I write to you this letter. I want to see our canteen service on campus will change.

________ points:

Dear Mr. President,

Jan 12th,

2002 Thank for read this letter for the busy working-time. My name is LIMing. I’m in class 4, grade 1. when I have entered into this school, I worried about the lunch. Because the food is bad or good, it will relat our health. In our school, the lunch is not good. I will have three parts: quality, price, service. At first,, the quality, every time I brought the food is warm. And I think the food is not desicine. The price is so high. I am a student. I have little money. I hope to eat food will cheaper and desicine. At last, the service. The worker wasn’t kindness when we had bought the food.

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I hope president will improve this case immediately. That’s all. At last, I wish you all the best, and good heralth.

________points: Dear Mr. President,

Jan 12th,

2002 As one of your university students, I am not very satisfied with our canteen service.

The first reason is that there are many students coming from other place. They may be not accustomed to the local food at the beginning of the term. So our canteen should provide much more kinds of food for them to choose.

Secondly, the price of the food is higher than we can afford. I hope the price of some food can be decreased a little. Then we can have a larger choice. In addition to above suggestions, I want to reflect that many students will have lunch after classes. At that time, canteen will become too crowded. So we hope that you can arrange some more seats for students. These are my suggestions of our canteen service. I really hope you can take some measures to make the canteen service better and better. Thank you very much!

（二）2001年6月：（write a letter to your friend）

_______ points

I am delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.

I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain abut two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring .We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village.

Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. I’ll prepare everything for you. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

________ points You can’t imagine how happy I was when I heard that you would come to visit me. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I am counting the days. I have arrange3d a schedule for our holiday. You haven’t been to Shanghai before. When you see it, you will be hard to believe your eyes. Shanghai is very modern. First, we will go out for shopping , and then go some sight-seeings, such as Yu Yuan Garden

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and People squarer. If you like, we can go to see some old friends. I bet they will be as happy as I am when seeing you. Do you like the suggestion I made above? If there is something unsuitable., we will talk about them when you arrive. OK?

Oh, please remember to bring your winter clothes wit h you, because Shanghai is a little bit colder than SiChuan.

Remember me to your parents.

________ points +1

Welcome to my home during the week-long holiday. My parent and I are waiting for your arrival. My parents didn’t see you for a long time. They really miss you. and me too. After your arrival, we will hold a party for you the next day. Then I will show you around my city. As I know, you like reading books. I will take you to the Shanghai Libarary. There are many book you like. I think you’ll be glad to go there with me. In addition, I’ll show you some famous places in Shanghai, such as the Nanpu Bridge, the Yangpu Bridge and the people’s square. Shanghai is a modern city. There are a lot of new thing. It is much different from Wuhan the city our school is in. we have studied together for the years in Wuhan. This time I’ll show you around Shanghai. Perhaps in the first time you come to shanghai, you can’t be used to it. Don’t be worry, and I’ll help you. I’m sure you will like Shanghai.

Then, don’t forget to bring some clothes with you. And don’t have much money with you. Be careful on the way to my home. When you get off the train, please call me. I will go to the railway station to meet you.

Wait for your arrival.

_________ points

I’m very glad that you will come to see me during the week-long holiday. We have not seen each other for two years. So this time we can spend the holiday together will make me so happy.

Since you left Shanghai two years ago, Shanghai has changed a lot. The city is more beautiful and buildings are higher. You will surely surprise the changes. I have helped you to make some arrangements during the holiday. We can go shopping in Nanjing Road which is the best road of Shanghai. We can go to people’s squarer and history museum to visit. We can also visit the JingMao Building which is the highest building of China. Shanghai has many new and good place we can visit. The time table of visit we can make when you come. What do you think of my advice.

By the way, you should telephone me when you come to Shanghai, I will meet you in the railway station. I’m waiting for your come.

___________ points

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I have known you will come to Shanghai. Three years ago, you went to the England. From then, we haven’t meet with each other. I welcome that you can return your country.

From your letter, I have known you have a week-long holiday. There is a great change in Shanghai. I think you must be feel surprised with what you see. So advise you vist some place, that we often went ago. And you can visit some old-classmates. They also mise you very much. If you don’t want to hotel, you can live in my home. You’d better buy a map. I’m afraid you will be at a lost. But even if you can’t find bus stop, you still can go to anywhere by taxi. I hope you will have an unforgettable holiday.

___________ points I’m very happy for your coming. it’s time for us visit Shanghai. We can go to popular-squire. It has been great changed since yu visited last time. You will surprise for its beauty. Then we can visit Shanghai Musuem. That is interstring. And you can go to Nanjin-road. It is very boom and you can shopping there. We will play very happily during the week-long holiday. You don’t forget to dail me. And tell me what’s the data, time you coming, where I can pick up your. Don’t carry any-thing because I have ready for all. When coming, you should stay station or we will miss. Remember all above.

I’m wait for your coming. When meeting you, I’ll talk you detal.

（三）2001年1月：How to Succeed in a Job Interview?

__________ points

Nowadays job interviews are playing a very important role in finding a decent job. If you can leave a deep impression on the interviewer, you’re very likely to get the job. So here are some suggestions that you should follow in order to succeed in a job interview.

There’re many factors that contribute to the success of a job interview. To begin with, you should always be careful with your behavior. You should remember to be as polite as possible when talking with the interviewer. Another important factor is that you should be honest while leaving the interviewer the impression that you are fully capable of the job. You should give your education background and the knowledge of your specialty honestly. In a word, you should display your ability in all aspects to a full extent. And the last but not the least is that you should be confident. If you’re not confident in yourself, how could you make the interviewer confident in you?

Overall, Politeness, honesty and confidence make you closer to the success but it is your ability that finally counts.

___________ points

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A good job is important for us. And a Job Interview is important for us to obtain a job. The company leader will learn about your ability by the Job Interview.

But how to Succeed in a Job Interview? Many points affect the result of the Job Interview. For example, your look, your behavior, your work-ability. Your major knowledge, confidence and so on. Your look is very important. if your dressed unfit, the interviewer won’t want to go on the interview. Your behavior is also important. If your behavior is rude, the company won’t think you are the one they want. Your work ability and your major aknowledge are the most important points. The good work ability and major aknowledge are the keys of the success of the Job Interview. And you must be confident. If you are not confident in spite of your ability is good, the boss will think that you are not fit the post. The points referred are the keys of the success of the Job Interview.

_________ points

If you want to get a job, you have to go to a job interview. The job interview is a chance to talk with your future employer face to face, and is very important because whether you can work at that place is mainly determined by it.

So how to succeed in a job interview? First of all, you should go to the interview well-dressed. A tie for a man and any formal clothes for a woman will always be suitable. Your behavior and speech is also important. You must let your employer think you are a person who can be trusted.

Secondly, to ensure the interviewer that you are capable of the job, you must show you ability and knowledge of your specialty. Most Chinese may think it’s showing off and refuse to do so. That’s a major cause of failures in job interviews.

Finally, you should always be confident of yourself. Though you may fail for the first time, it does not mean you are not as good as others. So don’t lose heart for good job is waiting ahead.

___________ points

In the course of searching for a job, the job interview is quite important. The interviewers will most probably judge you by your appearance in the interview. If you can’t do well in it, you may possibly lose the chance.

There are some points you should pay attention to, which may help you to succeed in the interview. First, you should be neatly dressed, and you should express yourself quite fluently, so you can give the persons, who interview you, a good figure. Second, self-confidence is necessary. And you should base your self-confidence on your own ability and spcific knowledge. Third, when you are answering questions, you mustn’t tell lies.

There are still some other points. In a word, you must be well prepared for the

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interview..

____________ points

When you look for a job, it is often necessily to have a job interview. This will introduce yourself to the company in which you want a job. And through the job interview the employer can decide if you will be employed. So it is often thought important.

If you want to succeed in a job interview, you must pay attention to some aspects as follows. First you must be confident and behave politely. Then you will give the good impression to the employer. Second, you must show your ability and knowledge. And it is better connecting them with the job. Then the employer will know if you can do the work well. At last, you must be honest. Let the employer think of you as a believable man.

If you do all these well, you must be success in the job interview.

____________ points

Today the companies are becoming more and more biger so they want to have more people who have a lot of knowledge. And the Interview is becoming important. For succed in a job interview we should pay attention to thise side. For example the clothing should be clear, the hair can’t be too long. when we talk about with the boss, we should belived nature and the eyes should watch the boss’s face.

When we talk about own’s enable, we should say that truly, exist. we can’t make a lying or that will take us a bad news.

Above all we can say that you succed in a job interview will become bigger. In the end, I should tell you that when you set off to the company you should check your bag to make sure everything is ready.

____________ points

Now we will have to find a better job for life. Though we may be good technology, interview is critical in finding a job.

First, we must wear clean cloth. This is very important, because the test chief see you on a glance. you will give him a good impression.

Others, we should trust ourselves, we have learned professional technology when the test-chief questions. you may not be afraid. You should answer his question without nervous.

Before the interview you should master a lot of professional technology which is connected closely with you’re the future job. Thus, you will feel the interview is a very pleased thing. You maybe half-succeed in a Job interview.

三：四级作文常见错误分析

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（一）名词错用（单复数、语义相近的混用、固定的用法等） 1． 父母有某些约束孩子的权威。 2． 人人都向往一个较好的生活水平。

3． 杰克买了一美元的邮票。

1． The parents have some authority with their children.

The parents have some authorities with their children. 2． Everyone wants a better level of living. Everyone wants a better standard of living. 3． Jack bought a dollar’s stamps

Jack bought a dollar’s worth of stamps. （二）冠词的错用 1．遗漏不定冠词

我已退了热，但仍旧咳嗽。

My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. My fever is gone, but I still have cough. 2．多加不定冠词

那件事已众所周知了。

That thing is a common knowledge among people. That thing is common knowledge among people. 3．遗漏定冠词

我有时星期六去看电影。

On Saturdays I occasionally go to cinema. On Saturdays I occasionally go to the cinema. 4. 加定冠词

对于未来，一些专家表示悲观，另一些要乐观得多。

As for the future, some experts are pessimistic; the others are far more optimistic. As for the future, some experts are pessimistic; others are far more optimistic. （三）代词

1． 他们两个都专攻化学。

2． 每一种金属加热后均可变为液体。

1.

Both of them major in chemistry. Both they major in chemistry.

2. Every of metals can be change into liquids after it is heated.

Each of metals can be change into liquids after it is heated. （四）数词

1． 两人都是老师。

2． 石油产量与1990年相比已 增加了 4倍

1.

Two of them are teacher. Both of them are teacher.

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2. The output of oil has been increased four times as against 1990.

The output of oil has been increased five times as against 1990. （五）形容词

1． 复印件与原文很相象。

2． 月球绕地球运行乃是常识。

3． 高效发动机节省了燃油。

4． 一群激动的学生正在等待着一位著名学者的到来。

1.

The reproduction and the original look exactly like. The reproduction and the original look exactly alike. 2. That the moon moves round the earth is ordinary sense.

That the moon moves round the earth is common sense. 3. An efficient engine is economic of fuel.

An efficient engine is economical of fuel.

4. An exciting crowd of students awaited the arrival of the famous scholar.

An excited crowd of students awaited the arrival of the famous scholar. （六）副词

1． 那位老人说，这里30年前发生过地震。 2． 他如能成功，我们将非常惊讶。

1. 1.

The old man said that an earthquake had occurred here 30 years ago. The old man said that an earthquake had occurred here 30 years before.

2. We shall be very surprised if he succeeds. We shall be much surprised if he succeeds. （七）介词 多加介词 我要在会上发言。

I shall address the meeting. I shall address at the meeting. 2. 遗漏介词

做饭时我们应洗手，以防感染传播。

Preparing food, we must wash our hands to guard spreading infection.

Preparing food, we must wash our hands to guard against spreading infection. 天下雨了，我们不能在野外工作。 The rain prevented us doing fieldwork.

The rain prevented us from doing fieldwork. 3. 错用介词

学生们都担心期末考试。

All students feel anxious about her final exams. All students feel anxious for her final exams. 这药丸对癌症有效。

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The pill is effective on cancer. The pill is effective against cancer. （八）连词

1． 尽管水可以结成冰，但其化学性质不变。 2． 这是我所见到的最佳手术方案。

1.

Though water is frozen into ice, but its chemical properties are not changed. Though water is frozen into ice, its chemical properties are not changed.

2. It is the best operation program which I have ever seen.

It is the best operation program that I have ever seen. （九）动词

1. 错用动词

谁来回答这个问题？

Who will reply the question?

Who will answer the question?

我弟弟太小了，还不能自己穿衣服。

My litter brother can’t dress himself yet because he is too young. My litter brother can’t dress his clothes yet because he is too young. 2. 错用不定式

他承认做错了。

He admitted to have done wrong. He admitted having done wrong 3.错用语气

学生们未料到天体是如此的复杂。

The students never expected that the heavenly bodies were so complicated. The students never expected that the heavenly bodies should be so complicated. 4.错用主谓一致

最快的旅行手段是乘坐飞机。

The quickest means of travel is by plane. The quickest means of travel are by plane. 教师和他的学生们在准备实验。

The teacher as well as his students are preparing the experiment. The teacher as well as his students is preparing the experiment. 5. 其他错用（时态与词的搭配，动名词与不定式的不同等）

他已去世5年了。 He has died for five years. He has been dead for five years. 我想起了要为你寄一封信的。 I remembered posting one letter for you. I remembered to post one letter for you.

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（十）词组的错用

1． 每年在治理环境污染方面要花费很多钱。 2． 现在他正忙于写论文。

1.

A large number of money are spent in bringing environmental pollution under control every year.

A large amount of money is spent in bringing environmental pollution under control every year. 2.

He is at work on his thesis in a moment. He is at work on his thesis at the moment. （十一）词序的错用（倒装等）

1． 中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。

2． 直到这些试验切实可行，才可考虑载人登月旅行。

1.

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.

2. Not until such tests are available, it will be possible to consider a manned trip to

the moon.

Not until such tests are available, will it be possible to consider a manned trip to

the moon.

Exercise: Find out mistakes.

The Internet

1. To demonstrate new products, there need a meeting room with excellent OHP, flipchart, video for people.

2. We can get more new informations which you want to know. 3. You can learned something that are not taught in class on the line. 4. I think it can help us learning a lot of things. 5. So we can easy make friends between cities.

6. It is very popular that spend many time in internet bar to there because they can learn

many knowledge from it.

7. In the modern days, most things develops very fast. I often on line, because I can

please me.

8. If you are tired of communicate with you friend by writing letters, you can just send a E-mail to his/her mailbox which is more convenient and cheaper. 9. It increase endless of fun to our life.

10. We can proceed the any range teaching by it, get the knowledge without the feet go

out, that’s very cool.

11. All of us had seen the Internet took us with convenience, fast and it made our earth

smaller and smaller.

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12. We can learn various of knowledge we need, like we can study our lessons. 13. Today it is used a great deal in many ways.

14. I’d like to reserve a meeting room for 40 people which have the excellent acoustics to demonstrate new product, and facilited with OHP, flipchart, video. 15. We prefre to have single room than double ones. 16. We want to held an annual sales conference on the line. 17. Would you please told us How much for the software? 18. … and send them to you as fast as possible. 19. It makes the gap between us smaller and smaller.

20. Not only we can send e-mail to our friends, bur also we can hand in our homework..

四：作文常用结构

（一）常用关联词：

To begin with, in the first place, in/at the beginning, first of all, secondly (then, thirdly, next,), finally, in the end, at last, in addition, as well, similarly, for example, for instance, a case in point, as an illustration , such as… 2. Going Forward:（递进）

What’s more, moreover, furthermore, not only … but also, in addition, what is more similar, likewise, in other words, last but not least… 3. Summing up:（总结）

To sum up, in a word, to be brief, on the whole, generally speaking, personally speaking, as far as … be concerned, in a brief, … 4. Explaining:（解释）

In other words, that is to say, such as, for example, for instance, in this case, namely, frankly speaking,…

5. Cause and effect:（因果）

As a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, owing to, due to, on this \\ that account, as a consequence, because, … 6. Contrast:（转折）

In / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand / side, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, but, however, even so /though… 7. Comparison:（比较）

In like manner, likewise, in the same way, similarly, in comparison with, … 8. Purpose:（目的）

For this purpose, with this subject, … 9. Time:（时间）

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1. Listing and Adding:（列举）

In the meantime, meanwhile, at length, soon, later, in the past, now, since then, until then, from then on, after a while, soon after, in the first place, … 10. Intensification:（强调）

Indeed, in fact, in any event, in any case, at no time, to tell the truth, absolutely no way, under no circumstances, in any case, on no account , no doubt, as a matter of fact…

11. Expressing Point of View:（表达）

From my point of view, in my opinion, as for me, as far as … be concerned, in the light of the foregoing, from all of the above, … 12. Selection: (选择)

rather than, alternatively, instead of, not … but, whether … or, either … or, neither … nor, …

（二）常见句型

1. Point of View:（表达观点）

People are greatly / sharply divided on about with regard to the issue which … People take opposing views of …

Some people take the view that / hold the opinion that ….

While other people think the other way… / take a different attitude (an opposing view) …

Nothing can be perfect and everything has two sides, … is / are not an exception. Nothing should be carried to extremes.

Obviously / there is no doubt both … and … have their own virtues and shortcoming We should take a correct attitude towards.

We should make full use of its benefits, and meanwhile try to avoid its disadvantage. Despite / in spite of these problem, I think its advantages still outweigh its disadvantage.

2. Problem:（陈述问题）

Nowadays, we are confronted with a serious problem-- … A serious problem facing us is …

… has become a hot issue. / one of the most serious problem facing us. Never before has the question of … been so hot an issue.

The factors leading to the problem are various. On the one hand … , on the other hand … .(for one thing, … for another thing, … The problem brought about by … shouldn’t be neglected.

It is time that we took actions. / declared a war on … / launched a new battle against …

Obviously much should be done to minimize the bad effects of …

However, … is / are an endless fight. There is still a long way to go to solve problem.

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However, the time hasn’t come for us to relieve a deep sigh, and we still have long way to go.

3. Benefits:（陈述利弊）

… is playing an increasingly significant role / part in our lives society. We can hardly

live without … In fact, we can hardly imagine how we go on without … / if there were to …

Since its appearance, people have benefit a lot from it. / it has brought much … to human.

… is endowed with many advantages.

Nowadays no one can escape from the influence of … 4. Suggestion:（提出建议）

Surely it would be a good idea to do … Wouldn’t it be a good idea if …?

There are some ways feasible. One way is … , another way is … It’s suggested that … 5. Others:（其他）

The more …, the more … .

Only in this way / by doing so … , can we … It is / was … that … (强调结构) Not only can we do …, but also … Both … and…. Either … or…. It goes without saying that … … not …but ….

（三）常用作文结构

1．Advantages and Disadvantage（利弊类） Para 1: Advantages

Nowadays, … is playing an increasingly significant role in our society. It has brought much benefit since its appearance. For example, … . In addition, … Furthermore, … In fact, it’s difficult to image … would be like if there were no … Para 2: Disadvantages However, … can also generate some plaguing problem as well. Not only …, but also … . To make things worse, …

Para 3: Conclusion Nothing can be perfect and everything has two sides. … is no exception. Despite these problems, its advantages still outweigh its disadvantages. We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties we might meet and future of … will be brighter. 107 words 2．Problems（问题类）

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Para 1: List problems Nowadays, … has become one of the most serious problems / hottest issues confronting us. For example, … In addition, … Furthermore, … In a word, …

Para 2: List harm The problem brought about by … shouldn’t be neglected. For instance, … Besides, … To make thing worse, … There is no doubt that it is high time we took actions and launched a battle against … Para 3: Solution

To our relief, people have become conscious of the problems and many effective measures have been taken to solve it. For example, … However, … is an endless fight. There is still a long way to conquer the problem.

103 words 3．Opinions（观点类） Para 1: Give viewpoints

The recent years have seen witnessed more and more college students taking a part-time job. Whether students should do part-time job has become one of the hottest controversial issues. People are sharply divided on this topic. Para 2: Supporting materials

Some people hold the opinion that …… They argue that only by …, can we…. It not only…,but also…. While some others take an opposing view. They maintain that if one…, he could not … They believe…… Para 3: Your opinions

As far as I’m concerned, nothing can be perfect and everything has two sides. … is no exception. Obviously, both … and … have their own virtues and shortcomings. The most important thing is to make full use of its benefits and try to avoid/minimize its disadvantages.

120 words

另：请大家注意信件（以某个话题为中心向谁提一些建议等）、图表（看图作文）等写作模式与方法

五：话题介绍

1. Sandstorm (沙尘暴)

Key words: ecological alarm (生态警钟), sand penalty (沙子的惩罚), suffusing dust (弥漫的沙尘), abnormal climate (反常的气候), take the main blame for / be heavily responsible for (负主要责任), destruction of vegetation (植被的破坏), destruction of protective forest (防护林的破坏), encroachment (吞食，入侵), arouse the concern of the whole nation / world (引起全国 / 世界的关注), enshroud cities (笼罩城市)

2. Develop Western Regions (西部开发)

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Key words: large scale development of West China (大规模的西部开发), remake the west (开发西部), revive the west (振兴西部), the landlocked West China (中国西部内陆), an important strategy (一项重要的战略), China’s overall economic rise (全国的经济发展), overall prosperity (全国的繁荣), bridge the gap / narrow the gap (缩小差别), decrease the imbalance (缩小不平衡状态), have subsistence problems (存在着温饱问题), a long term systematic project (一项长期的战略发展计划), political / social stability (政局 / 社会稳定), ethnic unity (民族团结).

3. Cyber Crimes (网络犯罪)

Key words: cyber criminal (网上罪犯), lift intellectual property (窃取知识产权), with a few keystrokes / clicks (敲几下键盘 / 点点鼠标), snatch password (窃取密码), unleash viruses (释放电脑病毒), access to (接入。。。), infest (侵扰), gain access to Internet (进入国际互连网), buggy (染上了病毒的), cyber-law / Internet law management (网上法制管理)， launch an assault (发

动进攻),

4. Anti-drug Battle (反毒斗争)

Key words: cocaine (可卡因), heroin (海洛因), ice (), strengthen legislation (加强立法), raise the consciousness of the entire people against drugs (提高全民反毒品的意识), the rise and fall (兴衰), humiliation (耻辱),

traffic – trafficked; trafficking (以 ……作交易)

5. Holiday Economy (假日经济)

Key words: macro / micro – control (宏观 / 微观控制), stimulate enthusiasm for traveling (激发旅游热情), scenic spots (景点), brisk economic activities (活跃的经济活动), incomplete statistics (不完全统计), spark a hot debate (引起激烈争论), spur domestic demand (刺激内需), catering industry (餐饮业),

open more channels (广开渠道)

6. China’s Entry into the WTO (中国进入WTO)

Key words: state – owned enterprise (国有企业SOE), joint venture (合资企业JV), privately owned enterprise (私营企业), restructure (改组，结构调整), onslaught (攻击), WTO press (入世带来的压力), be laid of (压力)

7. Reduction of Students’ Study Load (减负)

Key words: nationwide discussion (全国范围的讨论), deprive of (剥夺), tie to the chariot of examination (捆绑在考试这辆战车上), stay up / burn the

midnight oil (熬夜), affect physical and psychological health (影响身心健康), examination – oriented educational system (应试教育体系), attribute (归因于)

8. The Merging of Universities (高校的合并)

Key words: coalition / merge (合并), higher education management system (高校管理), composite (复合的，混合的), with characteristics and style of their own (具有他们自我特色和风格的), world-class university (世界一流的

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学校), a tidal wave of mergers across China (横越过中国的合并之潮), more competitive expanded universities (更多具有竞争力的综合大学)

9. The Talent Flight in China (中国的人才之战)

Key words: brain drain (人才流失), elite (精英), arouse the concern of (引起对 … 的重视), at the bottom of the social ladder (在社会的底层), tap one’s potential (发挥潜力), the globalization of economy (全球一体化经济), work out more favorable policies (制定更多优惠的), stop the talent flight (阻止人才流失), implement the revitalization of our nation (完成我们国家的振兴大

业)

10. Problem of Piracy (盗版问题)

Key words: high-tech products (高科技产品), copyright law (版权法), pirated edition of books / disc (盗版的书 / 光碟), genuine (真的),

11. Fake Diplomas (假文凭)

Key words: diploma craze (文凭热), fake certificate (假毕业证), job market (就业市场), exposure … through media (通过媒体暴光…), disqualify (取消资格)

12. Studying Abroad (留学海外)

Key words: widen our vision / horizon (开阔视野), broaden our brain (开阔视野), get acquainted with (了解 。。。), first – rate facilities (一流的设备), language barrier (语言障碍), lose sight of the disadvantages (忽略了不利因素)，personal financial status (个人财政状况)

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