英语词尾变化规则汇总

单词词尾变化规则汇总

一、形容词变副词 1. 一般情况直接加ly。

2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加ly。 e.g. angry – angrily; easy – easily。 3. 以le、结尾时去e加y。 e.g. terrible – terribly 4. 以ll结尾时只加y。 e.g. full – fully

3. 以o, ss, ch, sh, x, z结尾时加es。 e.g. go – goes 特殊：quiz-quizzes

五、动词的-ing

1. 一般情况直接加ing。

2. 以不发音的e结尾时，去e加ing。 e.g. come – coming

3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母加ing。 e.g. set – setting 4. 以ie结尾时变ie为y加ing。 e.g. die – dying forget – forgetting 5. 以辅音字母+e结尾直接加ly。以元音字母+e结尾时，去e加ly。e.g. wide – widely ; true – truly 六、动词的过去式、过去分词 6. 以ic结尾时加ally。 e.g. automatic – automatically

1. 一般情况直接加ed。

7. 以ly结尾的常用形容词： friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; a manly sport 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加ed。 e.g. cry – cried

二、形容词或副词变比较级或最高级

3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母加ed。1. 一般的单音节词和多数双音节词，直接加er。以不发音的e结尾时，直接加r。 e.g. close – closer 4. 以c结尾时加ked。 e.g. picnic – picnicked 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加er。 e.g. happy – happier lovely-lovelier

【附】不规则动词的过去式过去分词变化规律 3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母加er。 e.g. big – bigger 一、A—A—A型

4. 多音节词、分词形容词(-ed\\-ing)和以-ful, -less, -ous, -ish, -ing, -ive等结尾的双音节词加more。 cost—cost—cost cast—cast—cast 5. 不规则变化的词：

cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit good\\well – better – best bad\\ill – worse – worst hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let many\\much – more – most little – less – least

put—put—put read—read—read far (表距离) – farther – farthest (表程度) – further – furthest spread—spread—spread split—split—split late(表时间) – later – latest (表顺序) – latter – last

burst—burst—burst set—set—set

old (年龄关系) – older – oldest (兄弟关系) – elder – eldest shut—shut—shut upset—upset—upset 三、名词变复数 rid—rid—rid (或者~ed — ~ed) 1. 一般情况只加s

bet—bet—bet(或者~ed — ~ed)

2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加es。 e.g. baby – babies

forecast—forecast—forecast(或者~ed — ~ed) 3. 以辅音字母加o结尾时一般只加s，但这四个词加es (Negro, hero, potato, tomato) 二、A—B—B型

4. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x, z结尾时加es。 e.g. glass – glasses (玻璃杯) dish – dishes

1. 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought

5. 以f或fe结尾时变f或fe为v加es。 e.g. leaf – leaves ，但roof, safe(保险箱) 只加s。 bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought 6. 不规则变化的词：

think—thought—thought fight—fought—fought (1)单复同形：deer, sheep, fish(指种类时可用fishes), Chinese, means, species(物种), series(系列) seek—sought—sought

(2)本身复数：people, police, cattle(牛，牲口)

2. 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t

(3)改变元音：woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese

build—built—built lend—lent— lent (4)变换词尾：child-children, ox-oxen, mouse-mice, phenomenon-phenomena send—sent—sent spend—spent—spent 7. 复合名词

bend—bent—bent

(1)只变中心名词：editors－in－chief，passers－by 3. 过去式、过去分词都含有 –aught

(2)只在结尾加s：grown－ups

catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught (3)都变复数： men doctors，women engineers 4. 把-eep变为-ept

四、动词的第三人称单数 keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept 1. 一般情况只加s。

weep—wept—wept sweep—swept—swept 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加es。 e.g. carry – carries

5. 把-ell变为-old

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e.g. stop – stopped prefer – preferred tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6. 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt

spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt

spell—spelt—spelt (或者~ed — ~ed) smell—smelt—smelt (或者~ed — ~ed) 7. 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t

mean—meant—meant deal—dealt—dealt dream—dreamt—dreamt learn—learnt—learnt lean—leant—leant leap—leapt—leapt burn—burnt—burnt spoil—spoilt—spoilt (注：除mean和deal外的其他单词也可以直接加ed变过去式或过去分词) 8. 词尾去y变-id或者直接加d

say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 9. 改变元音字母

meet—met—met get—got—got\\gotten sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win—won—won dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost strike—struck—struck stick—stuck—stuck bind—bound—bound swing—swung—swung wind—wound—wound

hang(挂)—hung—hung (hang指“绞死; 上吊”时直接加ed) 10. 改变辅音字母 make—made—made 11. 改变元、辅音字母

leave—left—left stand—stood—stood

have— had—had understand—understood—understood 12. 去掉一个e或把第二个e变d

bleed—bled—bled feed—fed—fed speed—sped—sped (或者~ed — ~ed) flee—fled—fled 13. 去掉其他字母的

lead—led—led mislead—misled—misled

shoot—shot—shot light—lit—lit (或者~ed — ~ed) 三、A—B—C型 1. i—a—u变化

begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk\\sunken

spring—sprang—sprung spin—span\\spun—spun shrink—shrank—shrunk (或shrink—shrunk—shrunken)

2. 词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（show除外） blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn withdraw—withdrew—withdrawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown

3. 词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（give，hide除外）

drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden slide—slid—slidden\\slid rise—rose—risen

4. 过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。

break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken

swear—swore—sworn tear—tore—torn weave—wove—woven wear—wore—worn

steal—stole—stolen wake—woke— woken awake—awoke—awoken (wake\\awake也可直接加ed变过去式或过去分词) 5. 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。

forget—forgot—forgotten bite—bit—bitten 6. 过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。

be—was\\were—been eat—ate—eaten give—gave—given forgive—forgave—forgiven see—saw—seen rise—rose—risen arise—arose—arisen drive—drove—driven

shake—shook—shaken show—showed—shown\\showed hide—hid—hidden\\hid sow—sowed—sown\\sow forbid—forbad(e)—forbidden\\forbid fall—fell—fallen 7. 词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n

take—took—taken overtake—overtook—overtaken mistake—mistook—mistaken 8. 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的

bear—bore—born\\borne do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone show—showed—shown\\showed wear—wore—worn

lie—lay—lain(躺，位于，在于，呈…状态) (注：lie作“撒谎”时直接加d） 四、A—A—B型 beat—beat—beaten 五、A—B—A型

come—came—come become—became—become

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overcome—overcame—overcome run— ran—run

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