单词词尾变化规则汇总
一、形容词变副词 1. 一般情况直接加ly。
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加ly。 e.g. angry – angrily; easy – easily。 3. 以le、结尾时去e加y。 e.g. terrible – terribly 4. 以ll结尾时只加y。 e.g. full – fully
3. 以o, ss, ch, sh, x, z结尾时加es。 e.g. go – goes 特殊:quiz-quizzes
五、动词的-ing
1. 一般情况直接加ing。
2. 以不发音的e结尾时,去e加ing。 e.g. come – coming
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母加ing。 e.g. set – setting 4. 以ie结尾时变ie为y加ing。 e.g. die – dying forget – forgetting 5. 以辅音字母+e结尾直接加ly。以元音字母+e结尾时,去e加ly。e.g. wide – widely ; true – truly 六、动词的过去式、过去分词 6. 以ic结尾时加ally。 e.g. automatic – automatically
1. 一般情况直接加ed。
7. 以ly结尾的常用形容词: friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; a manly sport 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加ed。 e.g. cry – cried
二、形容词或副词变比较级或最高级
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母加ed。1. 一般的单音节词和多数双音节词,直接加er。以不发音的e结尾时,直接加r。 e.g. close – closer 4. 以c结尾时加ked。 e.g. picnic – picnicked 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加er。 e.g. happy – happier lovely-lovelier
【附】不规则动词的过去式过去分词变化规律 3. 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母加er。 e.g. big – bigger 一、A—A—A型
4. 多音节词、分词形容词(-ed\\-ing)和以-ful, -less, -ous, -ish, -ing, -ive等结尾的双音节词加more。 cost—cost—cost cast—cast—cast 5. 不规则变化的词:
cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit good\\well – better – best bad\\ill – worse – worst hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let many\\much – more – most little – less – least
put—put—put read—read—read far (表距离) – farther – farthest (表程度) – further – furthest spread—spread—spread split—split—split late(表时间) – later – latest (表顺序) – latter – last
burst—burst—burst set—set—set
old (年龄关系) – older – oldest (兄弟关系) – elder – eldest shut—shut—shut upset—upset—upset 三、名词变复数 rid—rid—rid (或者~ed — ~ed) 1. 一般情况只加s
bet—bet—bet(或者~ed — ~ed)
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加es。 e.g. baby – babies
forecast—forecast—forecast(或者~ed — ~ed) 3. 以辅音字母加o结尾时一般只加s,但这四个词加es (Negro, hero, potato, tomato) 二、A—B—B型
4. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x, z结尾时加es。 e.g. glass – glasses (玻璃杯) dish – dishes
1. 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought
5. 以f或fe结尾时变f或fe为v加es。 e.g. leaf – leaves ,但roof, safe(保险箱) 只加s。 bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought 6. 不规则变化的词:
think—thought—thought fight—fought—fought (1)单复同形:deer, sheep, fish(指种类时可用fishes), Chinese, means, species(物种), series(系列) seek—sought—sought
(2)本身复数:people, police, cattle(牛,牲口)
2. 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t
(3)改变元音:woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese
build—built—built lend—lent— lent (4)变换词尾:child-children, ox-oxen, mouse-mice, phenomenon-phenomena send—sent—sent spend—spent—spent 7. 复合名词
bend—bent—bent
(1)只变中心名词:editors-in-chief,passers-by 3. 过去式、过去分词都含有 –aught
(2)只在结尾加s:grown-ups
catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught (3)都变复数: men doctors,women engineers 4. 把-eep变为-ept
四、动词的第三人称单数 keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept 1. 一般情况只加s。
weep—wept—wept sweep—swept—swept 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i加es。 e.g. carry – carries
5. 把-ell变为-old
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e.g. stop – stopped prefer – preferred tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6. 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt
spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt
spell—spelt—spelt (或者~ed — ~ed) smell—smelt—smelt (或者~ed — ~ed) 7. 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t
mean—meant—meant deal—dealt—dealt dream—dreamt—dreamt learn—learnt—learnt lean—leant—leant leap—leapt—leapt burn—burnt—burnt spoil—spoilt—spoilt (注:除mean和deal外的其他单词也可以直接加ed变过去式或过去分词) 8. 词尾去y变-id或者直接加d
say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 9. 改变元音字母
meet—met—met get—got—got\\gotten sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win—won—won dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost strike—struck—struck stick—stuck—stuck bind—bound—bound swing—swung—swung wind—wound—wound
hang(挂)—hung—hung (hang指“绞死; 上吊”时直接加ed) 10. 改变辅音字母 make—made—made 11. 改变元、辅音字母
leave—left—left stand—stood—stood
have— had—had understand—understood—understood 12. 去掉一个e或把第二个e变d
bleed—bled—bled feed—fed—fed speed—sped—sped (或者~ed — ~ed) flee—fled—fled 13. 去掉其他字母的
lead—led—led mislead—misled—misled
shoot—shot—shot light—lit—lit (或者~ed — ~ed) 三、A—B—C型 1. i—a—u变化
begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk\\sunken
spring—sprang—sprung spin—span\\spun—spun shrink—shrank—shrunk (或shrink—shrunk—shrunken)
2. 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(show除外) blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn withdraw—withdrew—withdrawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown
3. 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden slide—slid—slidden\\slid rise—rose—risen
4. 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken
swear—swore—sworn tear—tore—torn weave—wove—woven wear—wore—worn
steal—stole—stolen wake—woke— woken awake—awoke—awoken (wake\\awake也可直接加ed变过去式或过去分词) 5. 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
forget—forgot—forgotten bite—bit—bitten 6. 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
be—was\\were—been eat—ate—eaten give—gave—given forgive—forgave—forgiven see—saw—seen rise—rose—risen arise—arose—arisen drive—drove—driven
shake—shook—shaken show—showed—shown\\showed hide—hid—hidden\\hid sow—sowed—sown\\sow forbid—forbad(e)—forbidden\\forbid fall—fell—fallen 7. 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n
take—took—taken overtake—overtook—overtaken mistake—mistook—mistaken 8. 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的
bear—bore—born\\borne do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone show—showed—shown\\showed wear—wore—worn
lie—lay—lain(躺,位于,在于,呈…状态) (注:lie作“撒谎”时直接加d) 四、A—A—B型 beat—beat—beaten 五、A—B—A型
come—came—come become—became—become
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overcome—overcame—overcome run— ran—run
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