考博英语-653
(总分82,考试时间90分钟)
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
1. As he walked out the court, he was ______ with frustration and rage.
A. applauding B. quivering C. paralyzing D. limping
2. ______ **ing Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course. A. As of B. As for C. As to D. As on
3. Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.
A. determinedly B. incredibly C. amazingly D. forbiddingly
4. His career ______ in his appointment as director.
A. contaminated B. culminated C. contracted D. contacted
5. Since Japan______importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed.
A. relates B. applies C. attaches D. connects
6. He is a very ______ character; he is never relaxed with strangers.
A) self-confident B) self-conscious C) self-evident D) self-serving
7. The European Commission issued a ______ decision on Oct. 29 permitting an alliance between United Airlines, Deutsche Lufthansa and Scandinavian Airlines System that allows them to coordinate prices, schedules and routes in the transatlantic market. It turned out to be well received.
A. automatic B. landmark C. obsolete D. outgrown
8. There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the from fall to winter.
A. transmission B. transformation C. transition D. transfer
9. After ______ on a merry-go-round, she started to feel dizzy and had to lie down. A. to have ridden B. redden C. riding D. to ride
10. She has ______ some brilliant scheme to double her income.
A. come out B. come up with C. come to D. come about
11. When he lost his jobs he tried to ______ his fortunes by robbing a bank. [A] revive [B] retrieve [C] rectify [D] recycle
12. Special may be too impoverished a word to describe this triumph for a man who climbed to the pinnacle of sport from ______ beginnings as the sponsor of a roller-hockey team. A. providential B. illicit C. obscure D. urbane
13. It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are im possible to reverse.
A. striking B. emotional C. horrible D. sensational
14. The ascent of the mountain is ______, but anyone who makes it to the top is rewarded by a spectacular view.
A. helpful B. automatic C. unique D. unpleasant
15. They are looking for a ______ experienced secretary who is capable of organizing a busy sales office.
A. chartered B. mature C. graduated D. polished
16. The two newspapers gave different ______ of what happened. A. versions B. editions C. productions D. texts
17.
18. When he formed his **pany in 1949, Minoru Yamasaki had had years of experience with New York's top architectural firms.
A. tallest B. chief C. except D. like
19. Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. Once you ______ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation. A. keep up with B. give away from C. go back on D. lose sight of
20. A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to ______ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months.
A. advocate B. foresee C. supervise D. gauge
21. He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to ______.
[A] suffice [B] satisfy [C] gratify [D] delight
22. **pleting her usual morning chores, Linda found herself ______ tired. A. surprisingly B. buoyantly C. forcibly D. unceasingly
23. Any negative statements and accusations should be made______.and forthrightly answered, preferably at the level on which they originate.
A. promptly B. thoroughly C. punctually D. exactly
24. The game had to be ______ because of crowd trouble.
A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
25. When you get excited, try to hold yourself ______.
A. up B. down C. off D. in 26.
27. Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into ______ to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT.
A. contending B. contesting C. contenting D. consenting
28. Her father flew into a ______ when he learned that she wanted to get married before she graduated from the university.
[A] feeling [B] emotion [C] sensation [D] passion
29. The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be______. A. broken out B. cancelled out C. ruled out D. wiped out
30. Trees ______ themselves by seeds.
[A] cultivate [B] grow [C] enrich [D] propagate
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build 'a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by **pounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-**pany, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for **puter board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time **pany will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips **ponents to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorola's mobile **petitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.
**pany, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely
become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through \"always on\" network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.
Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business because the latter will **petitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being **plicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows **munications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the user's whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.
31. The word \"slump\" in the first paragraph may be replaced by ______.
A. slouch B. decline C. increase D. stamp 32. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.
A. is the world's largest mobile phone maker
B. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone maker C. will only sell chips of the mobile phones D. is going to sell all its manufacturing plants 33. Analysis don't think that ______. A. Motorola will be successful
B. the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by **petitors C. **petitors will want to buy the technology from it D. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips
34. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on ______.
A. Bluetooth features B. MP3 audio capability C. Global Positioning System D. GPRS standard 35. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.
B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.
C. Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips. D. Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.
Passage Two
Direct adverting includes all forms of sales appeals, mailed, delivered, or exhibited directly to the prospective buyer of an advertised product or service, without use of any indirect medium, such as newspapers or television. Direct advertising logically may be divided into three broad classifications, namely, direct-mail advertising, mail order advertising, and unmailed direct
advertising.
All forms of sales appeals that are sent through the mails are considered direct-mail advertising. The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the product's local distributors. The direct-mail appeal is designed also to support the sales activities of retailers by encouraging the continued patronage of both old and new customers.
When no personal selling is involved, other methods are needed to persuade people to send in orders by mall. In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, other special devices order promotions are designed to accomplish a complete selling job without salespeople.
Used for the same broad purposes as direct-mall advertising, unmailed direct-mail advertising, includes all forms of indoor advertising displays and all printed sales appeals distributed from door to door, handed to customers in retail stores or conveyed in some other manner directly to the recipient.
With each **peting keenly for its share of the business, advertising agencies continue to develop new techniques for displaying and selling wares and services. Among these techniques have been vastly improved printing and reproduction methods in the graphic field, adapted to magazine advertisements and to direct-mail enclosures; the use of color in newspaper advertisements and in television; and outdoor signboards more attractively designed and efficiently lighted. Many subtly effective improvements are suggested by advertising research.
36. Direct advertising ______.
A. includes all forms of sales appeals to the prospective buyer B. is produced mainly for newspaper or television
C. is an activity by which real products are shown to buyers D. uses post as a chief means to contact prospective buyers 37. Direct-mail advertising ______.
A. uses letters as a chief means of providing information
B. sends old customers detailed information about new products C. uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellers D. sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels
38. The word \"prospective\" in the first sentence of the passage means ______. A. would be B. prosperous C. rich D. old 39. The chief function of unmailed advertising is ______. A. to send sample products from door to door B. to familiarize the customers with the products C. to deliver the products directly to the retail stores D. to send information about the products in quick ways 40. From the last paragraph we learn ______.
A. direct advertising is the best way to promote a product
B. companies are trying to find the best way to sell their products C. advertising is becoming enriched by the research in this area D. old ways of advertising is giving ways to new ways of doing it
Passage Three
To broaden their voting appeal in the presidential election of 1796, the Federalists selected Thomas Pinckney, a leading South Carolinian, as framing mate for the New Englander John Adams. But Pinckney' s Southern friends chose to ignore their party' s intentions and regarded Pinckney as a presidential candidate, creating a political situation that Alexander Hamilton was determined to exploit. Hamilton had long been wary of Adams' stubbornly independent brand of politics and preferred to see his running mate, over whom he could exert more control, in the President's chair.
The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, with the candidate receiving the largest number of electoral votes declared President and the candidate with the second largest number declared Vice-President. Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that Jefferson would not be either first or second in the voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the south while Adams, yet both Federalists would outpoll Jefferson.
Various methods were used to persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jefferson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable candidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the Hamiltonians encouraged the idea that Adams' popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only by supporting Pinckney.
Had sectional pride and loyalty not run as high in New England as in the deep south, Pinckney might well have become Washington' s successor. New Englanders, however, realized that equal votes for Adams and Pinckney in their states would defeat Adams, therefore, eighteen electors scratched Pinckney' s name from their ballots and deliberately threw away their second votes to men who were not even running. It was fortunate for Adams that they did, for the electors from South **pletely abandoned him, giving eight votes to Pinckney and eight to Jefferson.
In the end, Hamilton' s interference in Pinckney' s candidacy lost even the Vice-Presidency of South Carolina. Without New England' s support, Pinckney received only 59 electoral votes, finishing third to Adams and Jefferson. He might have been President in 1979, or as Vice-President a serious contender for the Presidency in 1800; instead, stigmatized by a plot he had not devised, he set wed a brief term in the United States Statute and then dropped from sight as a national influence.
41. The main propose of the passage is to______.
A. propose reforms of the procedures for election the President and Vice-President B. describe the political events that lead to John Adams' victory in the 1796 C. condemn Alexander Hamilton for interfering in the election of 1796
D. contrast the political philosophy of the Federalists to that of Thomas Jefferson 42. According to the passage, Hamilton' s plan included all BUT which of the following?
A. Articles published in newspapers to create opposition to John Adams. B. South Carolina' s loyalty to Thomas Pinckney.
C. Private contact with state officials urging them to support Thomas Pinckney. D. John Adams' reputation as a stubborn and independent New Englander. 43. The overall development of the passage can best bc described as ______. A. refuting possible explanations for certain phenomena B. documenting a thesis with specific examples C. offering an explanation of the series of events D. making particular proposals to solve a problem
44. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Thomas Pinckney had a personal dislike for Jefferson' s politics.
B. Electors were likely to vote for candidates from their own geographical region.
C. The Hamiltonians contacted key Southern leaders to persuade them to vote for Adams. D. The Federalists regarded themselves as more democratic than Jefferson.
45. It can be inferred that had South Carolina not cast any electoral votes for Jefferson, the **e of the 1796 election would have been a______. A. larger margin of victory for John Adams B. victory for Thomas Jefferson C. Federalist defeat in the Senate D. victory for Thomas Pinckney
Passage Four
At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense—a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, ropes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment.
Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America's \"gun culture\" are
responsible for America's high rates of murder. In Belleville's opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Belleville's low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong.
Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
46. Which of following statements is tine about the public debate over gun network? A. It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network. B. Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars. C. The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it. D. Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it. 47. The author mentions Kleck, kott, and Bellesiles mainly to ______. A. illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun control
B. refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes C. support the thesis that gun ownership leads to more violence
D. demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history
48. The author's main criticism of John Lott is that he ______. A. advocates private ownership of firearms B. is not objective in his analysis C. has analyzed a wrong period D. has cited dubious statistics
49. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree? A. Gun control should be tightened. B. Guns have little to do with murder.
C. \"Gun culture\" was the result of high homicide rates in America.
D. The statistics that earlier historians produced of gun ownership is reliable. 50. The passage is primarily concerned with ______. A. resolving a public dispute over gun control
B. describing the effects of earlier studies on gun control
C. analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun control D. summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun control
Passage Five
A number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students' learning English as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/ strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighted.
What makes a \"good\" language learner \"good\\"poor\"? What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context? These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and age (Ellis, 1986: Chap. 5) and strategies refer to \"techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information\" (Chabot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either \"good\" or \"poor\".
Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O'Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher of English working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research.
In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects. As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes. Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they affect success or failure in particular language learning situation.
Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students.
51. In Paragraph 2 \"learner variables\" and \"strategies\" are defined by reference to other writers ______.
A. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important concepts
B. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important
definitions
C. because the present author is not sure what these terms mean
D. because the present author wishes to redefine the scope of research in this area 52. The main point of Paragraph 2 is ______. A. to define technical terms
B. to define terms and scope of the study C. to outline the main sections of the report
D. to summarize the area to be covered in the article
53. In Paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase \"to the best of my knowledge...\" because ______. A. she has good knowledge of this area
B. she is not sure if the area has been researched in Hong Kong C. she thinks the area has been researched in Hong Kong
D. she does not wish to take responsibility for any omissions in the bibliography 54. The reference to \"Naiman and his colleagues (1978)\" in Paragraph 4 is made ______. A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach
B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified C. to point out that different learners learn differently
D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations 55. The main point of Paragraph 5 is ______.
A. to describe the existing research in the field B. to point out the limits of research in this area C. to describe learning strategies identified as so D. to summarize the scope of the present article
56. According to this passage, research in this area is characterized as ______. A. empirically observable
B. often impossible to observe directly
C. poorly defined in the research literature to date D. easier to theorize about than to carry out directly
Part Ⅳ Cloze
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible 61 of action open to him; he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea 62 , or patent it.
A 63 patent is the result of a bargain 64 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 65 .
Only the most exceptional circumstances 66 the lifespan of a patent 67 to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever 68 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no color TV to 69 and thus no hope for reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently 70 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library
attached to the 71 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 72 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 73 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 74 patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor's fight is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 75 invalidates further patents on that idea. It is traditionally 76 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modem technological advance is 77 on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely 78 in patents and inventions soon learns that most \"new\" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 79 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 80 the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
57. A. work B. possibility C. measures D. courses 58. A. open B. covered C. secret D. improved 59. A. granted B. granting C. inventing D. invented 60. A. striking B. struck C. to be striking D. to strike 61. A. terminating B. continuing C. continues D. terminates 62. A. are B. to be C. be D. is
63. A. extending B. will extend C. extended D. to be extended 64. A. granted B. granting C. to grant D. being granted 65. A. receiving B. sending C. receive D. send 66. A. public B. secret C. close D. concealed 67. A. customer B. commerce C. patent D. television 68. A. longer B. older C. weaker D. younger 69. A. wished B. refusing C. refused D. whishing 70. A. live B. dead C. working D. recording 71. A. temporarily B. suddenly C. permanently D. sharply 72. A. dangerous B. undesirable C. safe D. terrible 73. A. contracted B. sent C. anticipated D. based 74. A. involving B. involved C. contained D. containing 75. A. which B. when C. that D. where 76. A. with B. off C. before D. from
Part Ⅴ Translation
77. 一个性格矜持的人不太愿意与陌生人交谈，感情不大外露，也很少激动。他从不向别人谈起自己的事，也许你和他共事几年，却根本不知道他住在哪儿，也不知道他对什么感兴趣。英国人就是这样，他们不愿与他人交往，所以就给人一种不好客，甚至冷淡的印象。
Part Ⅵ Writing
78. Write a composition according to the following directions and **position must be written on the Answer Sheet.
The graph shows the percentage of men and women employed in executive positions in ACME Oil Company from July 1993 to June 1994. Write a report of at least 160 words for a university lecturer describing the information shown in the graph and giving **ment. Officer Grade A-Highest Officer Grade E-Lowest
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