一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 After a morning hike in the Saneum HealingForest, 46-year-old firefighter Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers. He is one of 40 firefighters taking part in a three-day program, the aim of which is to offer \"forest healing\" (森林治愈); the firefighters all have posttraumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍).
Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans-many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and great academic pressure have accepted the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm.
There is increasing evidence that being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer, it seems. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it.
\"We don't think of being outdoors as a way to increase happiness,\" says Nisbet. \"We think other things will, like shopping or TV.\" But South Korea is starting to challenge this opinion. So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? Being surrounded by nature has one obvious effect: It calms us and reduces our stress levels. This has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rates.
Another experiment conducted by psychologist Stephen Kaplan found that people who took a 50-minute walk in a park had better attention and short-term memory than those who took a walk along a city street.
Perhaps what's more surprising is that nature may also make us more creative. David Strayer, a psychologist at the University of Utah, showed as much with a group of participants, who performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking.
In fact, we may never know exactly what nature does to the brain. Something mysterious will always remain, and maybe that's as it should be. （1）What is Kang Byoung-wook doing? A.Getting lost in nature. B.Building up his strength. C.Trying to control a forest fire. D.Helping firefighters under stress.
（2）What does Lisa Nisbet think of being outdoors? A.It is overlooked by people. B.It has nothing to do with happiness. C.South Koreans show great interest in it. D.We need more evidence for its benefits.
（3）What benefit of nature did Stephen Kaplan find?
A.It affects people's feelings. B.It lowers the risks of diseases. C.It helps improve mental performance. D.It does more good than physical exercise. （4）What would be the best title for the text? A.Your life in forests B.Your brain on nature C.The future of forest healing D.The benefits of a stress-free life 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers.”可知，Kang Byoung-wook正在接受森林治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer 和 evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it”以及第四段中Lisa Nisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性，户外活动少了。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“had better attention and short-term memory ”可知，Stephen Kaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists — go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.
Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.
So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most. （1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To mention Nigel's feat.
C. To stress the importance of good memory. D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.
（2）Which of the following best explains \"outperform\" underlined in paragraph 2? A. Be superior to B. Be inferior to C. Be similar to D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?
A. The writer. B. The shop assistant. C. The babysitter. D. The psychologist. （4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI? A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree. B. Get more support from the government. C. Apply for the donation from companies. D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time. 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing
hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是\"胜过,超过\故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach. \"It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic.\" he said \"It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball.\" That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more,\" Blatchley added.
Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D'Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.
\"Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf,\" he said. \"Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant.\"
Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. \"If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,\" he said. （1）What can he inferred from the second paragraph? A. The whale was starved to death. B. Blatchley was shocked at what he found. C. The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.
D. Blatchley didn't make preparations for the necropsy.
（2）What will be shown in the D'Bone Collector Museum?
A. Waste collected from the ocean. B. The whole system of the whale. C. Things found in the whale's body. D. Many different tools of whaling. （3）What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines?
A. Uncommon. B. Worrying. C. Inspiring. D. Mild. （4）What is the best title for the text?
A. A Whale Found Dead of Plastic B. Stand Up for Protecting Whales C. Plastic Threatening Our Existence D. Natural Death or Merciless Murder 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
It is the ideal way for traveler to ensure they wake up with the perfect view — a portable Eco-capsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The egg-shaped pod (独立舱) ensures travelers can camp in the most extreme corners with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power. In this way the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. The 3,306 ib pods can be transported in a sea-container, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to fight against high rent and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Eco-capsule can serve as a cottage, a pop-up hotel or even as a charging station for electric cars.
The Eco-capsules could even be quickly imported for housing for emergency teams who have been quickly arranged to help with natural disasters. Described by the website as a \"Swiss Army knife\" — it packs everything you need, the self-contained unit can sustain long periods of time without external resources.
The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to year and for those worried about a cold night's sleep, the Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduce heat loss.
The pod is designed to cope with extreme weather conditions due to its innovative (创新的) design and materials used. No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its future and the producers are receiving heavy orders.
（1）Where does the Eco-capsule get power?
A. From a charging station. B. From a portable battery. C. From solar panels. D. From electric cars. （2）Whom may be the Eco-capsule initially designed for?
A. Astronauts. B. Office ladies. C. Homeless people. D. Field biologists. （3）The Eco-capsule's users don't worry about coldness because _______. A. it is a self-contained unit B. it is equipped with a thick layer C. it has a solar panel D. it has an air conditioner （4）How do the designers view the Eco-capsule's future market?
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Worried. D. Doubtful. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款便携式产品——Eco-capsule的功能、设计原理、大小、技术构造等情况。该产品配有太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机为其提供太阳能和风能，可以让两个人同时入住，有良好的保暖效果。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, which guarantee solar energy as its power.“看起来就像科幻电影里的某种东西，该产品里面装有太阳能电池板，保证太阳能作为它的动力。可知该产品从太阳能板获得能量。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Eco-capsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time.“位于布拉迪斯拉发的尼斯建筑事务所是这些非凡的Eco-capsules的设计者，他们表示，最初是为长期生活在大自然中的人们设计的。可知Eco-capsules是专门为野外生物学家设计的。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的”The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to year and for those worried about a cold night's sleep, the Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduce heat loss.“这86平方英尺的独立舱可以让两个人睡上一年，对于那些担心晚上睡不好觉的人来说，这种Eco-capsule有一层厚厚的保护层，可以显著减少热量损失。可知Eco-capsule的使用者不用担心寒冷，因为它有一层厚厚的保护层。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its future and the producers are receiving heavy orders.“难怪尼斯的建筑师们对它的未来如此有信心，制造商们也接到了大量订单。可知设计师对Eco-capsules的未来市场非常乐观。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
E-Sports, short for electronic sports, is one of the growing industries in the world, with prizes totaling around $25 million up for grabs in some tournaments. E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports. The competition models itself after traditional professional sports in several ways: it uses corresponding tournament formats, involves player contracts, and is governed by regulations. The athletes who compete in e-Sports competitions are gamers．
The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972 when some Stanford University students competed in the Intergalactic Space War Olympics for the opportunity to win a one-year subscription to the Rolling Stone Magazine. E-Sports pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s when competitions like the Space Invaders Championship shot them to the spotlight. 2002 marked the beginning of a new era for the sport and laid the foundation for what e-Sports would become thanks to the release of the Xbox live, which brought online play to consoles. Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.
Today, e-Sports are growing at a rapid pace thanks to advance in technology and the arrival of streaming services like Twitch which have exposed video game competitions to a new audience due to their extensive reach.
To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016. Interestingly, this coincides (一致) with Amazon's acquisition of Twitch in 2014 and its effort to make the competition a spectator sport. （1）What do we know about e-Sports?
A. They are strongly competitive. B. They spread worldwide overnight. C. They totally differ from traditional ones. D. The athletes in the sports are programmers. （2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. The origin of e-Sports. B. The variety of e-Sports. C. The advantages of e-Sports. D. The development of e-Sports. （3）How does the author feel about e-Sport's future?
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Hopeful. D. Worried. （4）What is the purpose of quoting data in the last paragraph? A. To introduce Newzoo. B. To conduct a research.
C. To show the influence of Twitch. D. To arouse the audience's interest. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了什么是电子竞技以及它的发展。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports.\"可知,电子竞技是一种专业的多人视频游戏竞赛,任何具有强烈竞争元素的电子游戏都被认为是电子竞技,也就是说电子竞技具有很强的竞争性,故选A。
（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的\"The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972\pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s\new era for the sport\"及\"Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.\"等细节可知,本段以时间为顺序介绍了电子竞技的发展,故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如今,由于技术的进步和像Twitch这样的流媒体服务的到来,电子竞技正在快速发展,由于Twitch的覆盖面广,它已经将电子游戏竞赛展示给了新的观众,特别是\"growing at a rapid pace\"表明了作者对电子竞技的未来充满希望,故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016.\"可知,为了了解Twitch产生了多大的影响,游戏分析机构Newzoo的数据显示,从2014年到2016年,全球电子竞技的观众数量增长了43%,从2.04亿增加到2.92亿,由此可知最后一段引用的数据就是为了表明Twitch产生的影响,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Benefits and Problems of Genetic Engineering
Plant breeding is the science of changing the characteristics of plants in order to produce desired ones. Genes in a plant are what determine what type of characteristics it will have. Plant breeders try to create a specific outcome of plants and potentially new plant varieties by changing the genes of the plants through breeding, which is making new plants from parents of different varieties or species.
Actually, plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of
human civilization. It is practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers and by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centers. They have crossbred plants to create the new types of plants that are, for example, bigger, stronger, or more attractive. Crossbreeding can take such a long time, however, and it is inaccurate. Now, we can change exact sections of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), so the process is more accurate and faster. But people all over the world are arguing about its benefits and disadvantages. Some people use the technology to produce desired characteristics of plants and animals. Other people are concerned that the genetically engineered plants may harm the environment and worried that they may be dangerous for people to eat.
There are many reasons for changing plants in this way. International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new varieties that are higher yielding(高产的), disease resistant, drought tolerant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions. For example, some genetically engineered plants can live through frost or draught. As a result, famers can make more profit because fewer plants will die.
Some genetically engineered plants are more nutritious. They have less fat, taste better or stay fresher than non-genetically engineered plants. This will allow people to buy better-quality fruit and vegetables.
Some genetically engineered plants can resist natural pests such as viruses or insects. This reduces the amount of chemical needed to kill pests, which is helpful to the environment. However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems. Genetically engineered plants that resist pests may pass on that characteristic to a wild relative. This may cause the wild plant to spread fast, because pests are not naturally killing it.
Genetically engineered plants can also harm animals. A type of corn has been developed which kills a species of insect that destroys it. The pollen (花粉) from this corn, however, can also kill monarch butterflies—the most beautiful of all butterflies, which do not harm the corn. To ensure the most adapted varieties are identified, advocates of organic breeding now promote the use of direct selection for many desired characteristics.
Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.
（1）According to the passage, the purpose of plant breeding is to . A. beautify the environment B. change the genes of plants C. produce new plant varieties D. assess the value of the practice （2）The author thinks crossbreeding inaccurate because .
A. the sections of DNA are changed B. problems are sometimes caused
C. manpower and resources are wasted D. animals are produced using the technology （3）The author's attitude toward crossbreeding is .
A. doubtful B. disapproving C. objective D. supportive （4）Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
Sp：Sub-point （次要点） C：Conclusion I：Introduction Cp：Central Point P：Point
A. B.
C.
【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）C （4）A
D.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，基因工程是一门非常新 的 科学，关于它能带来的好处和它能造成的破坏，我们有很多东西要学习。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Plant breeders try to create a specific outcome of plants and potentially new plant varieties by changing the genes of the plants through breeding, which is making new plants from parents of different varieties or species.“植物育种家试图通过育种改变植物的基因来创造植物和潜在的新植物品种的特定结果，即从不同品种或物种的亲本培育新植物，可知植物育种的目的是生产新的植物品种，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段中的”However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems.“可知作者认为杂交是错误的，是因为有时会产生问题，故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.“基因工程是一门非常新的科学，关于它能带来的好处和它能造成的破坏，我们有很多东西要学习。主要的问题是没有进行足够的测试来确保它是安全的。由此推断出，作者对杂交的态度是客观的，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。第一段引出了基因工程这个话题，接下来从三个方面说明了基因工程的益处，又从两个方面阐述了基因工程的弊端，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
On December 26, 2004, hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka's Yala National Park's beaches. But at mid-morning the park's elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill. The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something but what?
What the keepers did not know was that a 30-foot wall of water was headed straight toward them. This tsunami(海啸) had been caused by an earthquake more than 1, 000 miles away in the Indian Ocean. When the huge wave hit the coast, it caused severe damage. Many people died. The elephants, however, were not swept away by the water. They stood safely on the hill. Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do. People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane. After the 2004 tsunami, people said they saw tigers, monkeys, and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in. Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia, there were few animal deaths.
It's unlikely that an animal's so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future. Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster. The elephants in Sri Lanka, for example, may have picked up vibrations from within the Earth, a sign that earthquake was coming. Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave, the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.
A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behavior in people's pets, hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen. But Marina Haynes, an animal behavior scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo, says, \"It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters. It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing. Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?\"
（1）What happened to the elephants in Yala National Park on December 26, 2004? A. They died in the natural disaster. B. They were disturbed by the tourists. C. They moved from the hill to the seaside. D. They behaved strangely before the tsunami. （2）The author supports his point of view in paragraph 3 mainly by . A. giving examples B. making comparisons C. telling interesting stories D. showing research findings （3）The underlined word vibrations in paragraph 4 means . A. changes in temperature B. a kind of chemical power C. continuous shaking movement D. serious environmental pollution
（4）What may be Marina Haynes' attitude towards the warning system in the last paragraph? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Supportive. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，长期以来，科学家们一直怀疑动物比人类更能感知自然灾害。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But at mid-morning the park's elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.”但在上午10点左右，公园里的大象开始狂呼乱叫，从海里跑开，爬上附近的一座小山。由此可知，2004年12月26日，亚拉国家公园的大象在海啸前表现得很奇怪，故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane. After the 2004 tsunami, people said they saw tigers, monkeys, and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in. Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia, there were few animal deaths.”人们讲过这样的故事:狗不愿出门，鲨鱼在飓风前游到较深的水域。在2004年的海啸之后，人们说他们看到老虎、猴子和水牛在洪水涌入之前逃到地势较高的地方。即使在受灾最严重的南亚地区，也很少有动物死亡。可推断出作者在第三段主要通过举例来支持自己的观点，故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave, the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.”由于地面的震动比海浪的传播速度快得多，大象可能早在海啸到达海岸之前就已经感受到引发海啸的地震。由此可以推断出\"vibrations\"意思是连续晃动，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But Marina Haynes, an animal behavior scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo, says,‘It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters. It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing. Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?’\"但是费城动物园的动物行为科学家Marina Haynes说:\"这是一种不可靠的预测灾难的方法。很难知道动物在做什么。是因为地震即将发生而感到紧张，还是因为附近有敌人而感到害怕?\"由此推断出，Marina Haynes在最后一段对这种预警系统持怀疑态度。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals. Europe's biggest online takeaway food company Just Eat has partnered with Starship Technologies to deliver food with robots on the streets of London later this month. \"Nobody has ever done deliveries with land-based robots,\" said Allan Martinson, the chief operating officer of Starship. The robot courier can travel up to 4 miles per hour for about 10 miles. It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate (确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier. \"Put the code in, the robot opens up, and there's your food,\"
said David Buttress, chief manager of Just Eat.
The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs £ 1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the £3 to £6 it costs for a human courier. To date 30 robots have driven nearly 5,000 miles without getting into an accident or finding themselves picked on by passers-by. They have driven in more than 40 cities around the world, including London and Tallinn, Estonia.
An initial worry was how the public would react to robots. But Martinson said the public has been calm when passing the delivery machine on the streets. \"The most surprising reaction has been the lack of reaction,\" said Martinson.
Another significant fear was that people would disrupt (扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents. To prevent this, the robot is fitted with nine cameras, two way audio, and movement sensors that send a warning if it is lifted off the ground. And it opens only with a passcode provided to the customer via a notification. \"It's much easier to shoplift than it is to steal a robot,\" said Martinson.
（1）Which of the following can replace the underlined word \"courier\" in Paragraph 2? A. deliverer B. collector C. provider D. guide （2）According to the text, the Starship robot ________. A. opens up upon hearing the code B. travels 10 miles per hour at most C. finds its way by means of GPS and cameras D. sends a message to the customer upon arrival
（3）The test of Starship robots shows that ________. A. they are easy to operate
B. the robot delivery is appreciated in big cities C. the robot delivery is cheaper than human delivery D. they can travel for 10 hours continuously
（4）Which of the following is one of the worries about Starship robots? A. Safety of the robot delivery. B. Accuracy of the robot delivery C. Peoples indifference to the robots. D. People's concern about public traffic.
（5）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Great Improvement of Just Eat B. Global Trend of Food Companies C. New Robots to Move on the road
D. Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）A （5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了伦敦一家食品速递公司宣布未来会使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，目前该公司在几个城市都测试了陆地快递机器人送餐服务。未来送货机器人可能会取代人类送快递。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals.”可知，一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。所以这个词是“投递”的意思，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate(确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification(通知) on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier.”可知，Starship机器人依靠全球定位系统和照相机找到路。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs ￡1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the ￡3 to ￡6 it costs for a human courier.”可知，机器人送餐要比人送餐更便宜。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Another significant fear was that people would disrupt(扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents.”另一重大担忧就是担心人们干扰机器人，或是想把机器人及其所运物品偷走，可以推断出，担忧机器人运送的安全问题。故选A。
（5）考查主旨大意。纵观全文，特别是第一段中的“Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals.”一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。可知，D项Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers作为标题最合适。选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Almost every second of every day an older adult falls in the United States. That's approximately 29 million falls per year and nearly 27, 000 deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Still in the stating stage, the Active Pelvis Orthosis (APO) system in Switzerland wants to make a lightweight, wearable exoskeleton (外骨骼) that could detect signs of balance loss and assist with balance recovery to keep the elderly wearer from falling, only when needed.
Other exoskeletons, either in development or on the market today, assist with movement and make heavy objects feel lighter. Mobility-impaired people can walk again. But none of these devices predict what the wearer is going to do next and take measures to correct an unsteady move.
The 3 kilogram (6.7 pound) exoskeleton was built entirely from scratch by the research team and is designed to be worn on the lower half of the body. A waistband connects to two movable
carbon fiber braces (支架), each one positioned on the outer side of a leg. Tiny motors and so-called \"adaptive oscillators\" (适配振荡器) in the computer circuits use a special process to detect the, wearer's unique paces. That part takes just a few minutes.
While wearing the exoskeleton, a person may feel the braces and the motors pushing slightly on their legs. If their paces go against normal, the motors create a force in the braces that cause them to stiffen up and push a little more strongly against the legs, which provides stability. In the next three years, the APO hopes to develop something that is commercially available. （1）Why is the new exoskeleton invented? A. To slower users' walking paces. B. To improve users' walking ability C. To promote users' sense of balance. D. To prevent users from falling
（2）What's the feature of the new exoskeleton? A. It keeps users warm. B. It is worn on the back. C. It helps users move around. D. It corrects an unsteady move.
（3）What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. How the new exoskeleton works. B. Where the braces are positioned. C. How long it takes to detect the user's paces. D. What the new exoskeleton was built from.
（4）What is the purpose of the author in writing this text? A. To call on care for the elderly. B. To introduce a new invention. C. To advertise new device. D. To bring hope for the elderly. 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新设备，能够预测外骨骼佩戴者下一步会做什么，同时采取措施纠正不稳定的移动来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“…to make a lightweight, wearable exoskeleton (外骨骼) that could detect signs of balance loss and assist with balance recovery to keep the elderly wearer from falling, only when needed.”可知 APO系统想制作一个轻量级、可穿戴的外骨骼来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But none of these devices predict what the wearer is going to do next and take measures to correct an unsteady move.”可知目前的一些设备都无法预测佩戴者下一步会做什么，也无法采取措施纠正不稳定的移动，故选D。
（3）考查段落大意。通读第四段可知，主要讲述的是这种新设备是如何工作的，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了一款新设备，能够预测佩戴者下一步会做什么，同时采取措施纠正不稳定的移动来防止老年人佩戴者摔倒。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.
The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.\" It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed,\" he adds.
Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle.
The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.
In New Zealand, Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.
Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack \"is built around safety from the start\". In his words, \"Reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.
The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that would be used, if there should be an emergency. \"It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot,\" he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.
（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike ________. A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed
（2）Peter Coker uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that ________. A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height
（3）The underlined word \"It\" in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. the jet stream B. the engine C. the Jetpack D. the parachute （4）What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage? A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles. B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles. C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles. D. To advertise the two personal flying vehicles. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实，然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位，并对产品进行了改进。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.” 可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。可知，选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段Peter Coker说Jetpack从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于Formula One赛车。，故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. \"It starts to work at very low altitude …., ”Coker先生说Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它…”。可知，Jetpack上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。由此可知it指的是parachute (降落伞)。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
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