1．that引导主语从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。
◆It is true that the college will take in more new students. 这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。
2．whether连接主语从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。
◆(重庆高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。
3．连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
◆It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。
4．主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。
(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：
①It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句
④It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)＋that从句
◆It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.
很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。
◆It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.
据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。
(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。
[典例] (2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him ____________ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
that 解析： 固定句型“it occurred to sb.＋that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，it
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是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
单句语法填空
1．(2016·北京高考语法填空)Your support is important to our work.____________ you can do helps.
Whatever 解析： 句意：您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。____________you can do作句子的主语，是主语从句。主语从句中缺少动词do的宾语，而且指代做的事情，结合句意可知填Whatever。
2．(2017·山东师大附中一模)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise____________losing weight is just his dream.
that 解析： 句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。
3．(陕西高考)It remains to be seen____________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
whether 解析： 句意：新组建的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。It是形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，用whether符合句意。
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1．that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。
◆(全国卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.
我写信是想告诉你我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
2．在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whether…or not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whether＋to do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。
◆We’ve offered her the job，but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it. 我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。
◆I don’t know whether to leave or not.
我不知道是否要离开。
3．连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
◆Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we
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want to succeed.
老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。
4．有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。
◆You may depend on it that she will go with you.
你可以相信她会与你一起去。
5．当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。
◆I don’t believe she will attend the meeting.
我认为她不会来参加该会议。
6．it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。
◆I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。
7．不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。
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[典例] (2016·全国卷甲短文改错)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
how→what 解析： 句意：我和我的同学正在谈论假期做什么。根据句意可知，about后的宾语从句表达的意思为“做什么”，而不是“怎么做”，故用what。
单句语法填空
1．(2017·贵州贵阳联考)To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering ____________was happening.
what 解析： 句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们看到在小屋内有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了，不敢继续往前，但是我觉得很好奇，想知道发生了什么事。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示事物，故用what引导。
2．(2017·石家庄一模)Finally, keep in mind____________there are many things that can’t be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.
that 解析： 考查宾语从句。动词短语keep in mind后是一个宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，因此用that引导。
3．(2017·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on ____________you have the
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patience to do simple things perfectly.
whether 解析： 句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether。
1．that连接表语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。
◆(全国卷Ⅰ)The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things.
最后的结果是我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。
2．whether连接表语从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。
◆His question is whether they can be friends.
他的问题是他们能否成为朋友。
3．连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
◆I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
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如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。
4．表语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。
常见的表语从句句型：
(1)It looks/seems as if…好像……；仿佛……
(2)This is because…这是因为……(强调原因)
(3)The reason why…is that………的原因是……
(4)That is why…那就是……的原因(强调结果)
(5)The question/problem is whether/when/where…问题是……
(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that…
他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……
(7)what从句＋be＋that从句
◆What surprised us most was that he came late again.
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最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。
[典例] (2016·北京高考单项填空)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is____________one can be entirely free from dust.
that 解析： 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人们可以完全远离尘埃的烦扰。这是一个复合句，主句的主语是The most pleasant thing of the rainy season，is是系动词，________ one can be entirely free from dust作表语，是表语从句。从句成分及意思完整，只是缺少连接词，故填that。
单句语法填空
1．(2015·陕西高考短文改错)My only mistake was ____________ I dropped some on the floor when I was packing them up.
that 解析： 引导表语从句，that在从句中不作成分，只起到连接作用。
2．(四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s ____________I was born.”
where 解析： 句意：“那就是我出生的地方。”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
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3．(2017·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is ____________we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.
that 解析： 句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。
在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。
1．that连接同位语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。
The news that I passed the exam is true.
我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
2．连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
◆I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.
我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。
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[典例] (2016·天津高考单项填空)The manager put forward a suggestion____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
that 解析： 根据句意可知“经理提出了一个建议”，建议的内容是“我们应该有个助手”，设空后的从句解释说明suggestion的内容，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应用that。
单句语法填空
1．There is solid evidence ____________ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.
that 解析： 考查同位语从句。句意：有确凿证据考查同位语从句。证明观看3D电影会对观看者有一些副作用。抽象名词为evidence证据，that引导同位语从句，只起引导的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无具体意义。
2．(2017·河北石家庄质检)Finally I want to express my hope ____________ all the younger fellows can make full use of time.
that 解析： hope后从句是同位语从句，设空处在从句中没有任何意义，故填that。
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
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1．Tom has admired my daughter for a long time, but the question is ____________ she doesn’t love him at all.
that 解析： 句意：汤姆爱慕我女儿好长时间了，可是问题是她根本就不爱他。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用that引导表语从句，陈述事实。
2．(2017·浙江嘉兴模拟)Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine ____________pleasant smells might reduce pain.
that 解析： 句意：最近，在一本流行杂志中，有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句，对possibility进行解释说明，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整，故填that。
3．(2017·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that’s ____________I don’t agree.
where 解析： 句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree 是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。
4．(2017·江苏苏州四市五区调研)It is obvious ____________ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
what 解析： 句意：为了子孙后代，当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。It为形式主语， ____________ the local government can do to protect the
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environment for future generations是真正的主语，该主语从句缺少宾语，且表示物，故填what。
5．(2017·福建福州二模)The problem is ____________one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
that 解析： 句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。
6．(2017·福建泉州检测)The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat____________ food they could find there.
whatever 解析： 句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever food意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。
7．(2017·山东临沂重点中学联考)Twentyfive years later the traveler returned to the same place.____________he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.
What 解析： 句意：25年后，这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。
8．(四川高考)____________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
What 解析： 句意：你在会议上的讲话为公司描述了一个光明的未来。设空处引导
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主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故填What。
9．(2017·福建福州三中期中)They would appreciate it, to be frank，____________the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
if 解析： 句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if…表示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的是宾语从句。
10．____________is the most important for him is not his job，but his family.
What 解析： 考查主语从句。句意：对于他来说最重要的不是他的工作而是他的家庭。what在主语从句中作主语。
Ⅱ 单句改错
1．(2015·重庆高考单项填空)We must find out where Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. ____________________
where→when 解析： 根据语境可知，此处表示“他来的时间”，故要用when来引导。
2．(2017·唐山模拟)It’s a great pity what we won’t be able to finish the task on time.____________________
what→that 解析： It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
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3．(2016·全国卷乙短文改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.____________________
that→where 解析： 考查宾语从句。close to后接宾语从句。I live缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。
4．(2017·江西六校联考)The salesgirl didn’t understand that the foreigner was saying.____________________
that→what 解析：考查从句的引导词。understand引导宾语从句，what作saying的宾语。
5．(2017·吉林长春监测 )That is known to us that respect for one’s parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.____________________
That→It 解析：It is known to us that…为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，所以改为It。
6．What he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.____________________
What→That 解析： 分析句子结构可知，made前的句子为主语从句，而这个主语从句中不缺成分，故用That引导。
7．(2017·合肥二检)The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line.____________________
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that→when 解析：考查表语从句。句意为：最激动人心的时刻是运动员要到达终点线的时候。分析句子结构可知，应用when引导表语从句，在从句中作时间状语。
8．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.____________________
where→that或删除where 解析：在从句his parents were missing中不缺成分且意思完整，故用that或删除where。
9．(2015·北京高考单项填空)What we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.____________________
What→How 解析：在we understand things主语从句中，不缺成分；根据逻辑意义此处应该表示方式，故用How。
10．(四川高考)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
____________________
删除when 解析：notice后的宾语从句不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导。
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