2020年英语专八作文真题讲解及写作模板

第一部分：专八做好四件事 1）听力

2）单词-逐句译-段落大意3）做题-回答问题4）背作文翻译-改错

无单词、只有语法的“解析” 学习将失去意义 语法(grammar) 单词(vocabulary)

语词(syntactic structure)

第二部分：复习步骤 1）题材：无题材无思路2）阅读：无阅读无首尾段3）背中间段：无内容则无高分写作课怎样上： 1）写作题材和思路2）学会归纳整理文章大意3）第一段和最后一段

4）重点为第二段（范文、常用词句）

第三部分：题材决定背诵思路 一、宏观社会类型 1）环保题材2）诚信

3）文化传承二、个人生活类型 4）教育择业

5）人生哲理

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6）科技8）健康

7）时尚9）爱心

第四部分：写作流程概述

步骤1：阅读文章，归纳主题，判断类型 步骤2：套写第一段、呼应最后一段 步骤3：根据题材，提供第二段的例证 首尾要读 转折要读 注意肯否定

观点不走题，框架可以简化 步骤1：归纳文章大意=判断题材 步骤2：套写第一段、呼应第二段 步骤3：第二段的例证 反“模板”？ 背模板！ 重点在于第二段的例证 有观点，直接套写第一段： By providing concrete facts and in-depth analysis, the two articles focus on the somewhat controversial aspects of 主题词. The former points out that 引述原文. The latter states that 引述原文. In comparison of the two differing views, I believe that the so-called benefits tend to outweigh the disadvantages, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 有第一段，就有最后一段：

I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph. 重述观点. Having read this essay, some readers might think that my conclusion is conservative or traditional, but

第五部分：第二段怎么想

1.头脑风暴：狂想-空想之间是什么？

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2.以人为本的思路框架：物质金钱 健康娱乐 能力素质

责任爱心 时尚传统 文化环保

第六部分：

1.首段末段：简洁、直接、不要走题2.次段：具体

第七部分：各种题材的写法（复习） 头脑风暴：狂想-空想之间是什么？ 以人为本的思路框架：

物质金钱 健康娱乐 能力素质

责任爱心 时尚传统 文化环保

第八部分：先宏观、再微观 

先：环保、文化、诚信再：教育、人生观、科技最后：时尚、健康、爱心宏观：模板套、微观：多写多练

题材1：环境保护 正方： About five years ago, I started commuting to work by bike—and it’s one of the best decisions I’ve ever made. Rather than spending each morning stuck inside a sweaty subway car or sitting in bumper-to-bumper traffic, I actually enjoy my commute. It’s fast, fun, and incredibly convenient. Multiple studies have shown that people who bike to work are happier and less 3

stressed than those who drive or take public transit. But to make your ride as comfortable as can be, you also need the right gear. And, while this stuff isn't cheap, it's a pittance compared to how much you'll save on gas or subway passes over the years. 反方： In the latest move to resolve the congestion problems caused by shared bikes, authorities in Shanghai are ordering operators to register their bikes electronically. According to a report by Kankanews.com on Wednesday, the city's transportation commission is gathering information of the bikes that are already deployed and will share this data with the city's public security department. The move will enable authorities to identify operators that violate the rule which prohibits more bikes from being introduced to the public. Based on official data, there were 1.7 million shared bikes in Shanghai as of September. Experts from the Shanghai Bicycle Association said that the city only has a capacity for up to 800,000 bikes. 步骤1：主旨、模板、第一段

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of （shared bicycles）in a modern city. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the articles focus on the benefits and disadvantages of this new kind of transportation vehicle, as can be seen in the

following.

步骤2：第三段：呼应主题 1）呼应第一段，作总结：These factors, internal or external, can jointly account for this situation in the essay. 4

2）对趋势进行展望：This trend, I believe, will still exist in many Chinese cities in the future. 3）选择整改措施：•建立机制：So in the issue of shared bikes management, it is of essence thatan effective feedback mechanism be set up at the government level.•严格法规：And the relevant departments can make strict laws to punish thoseirresponsible bicycle users without self-discipline. 选择整改措施： •倾听专家意见：Meanwhile, professional suggestion from the researchers cannotbe ignored: they are more qualified and experienced. 选择整改措施： •媒体引导：As for the mainstream media such as TV stations and websites , itis necessary that they launch a campaign so that the environmental awareness can be developed among the general public. 选择整改措施： •个人行为的责任和自律性：The bicycle users are supposed to learnself-control, meanwhile showing more sense of responsibility in their daily life. 选择整改措施： •废话句：In a sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but whatshould be done to handle it properly. •废话句：This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realisticunder scrutiny. 总结1：找到主题=第一段和第三段

•••

宏观题目不会离开框架：环保、文化、诚信为什么宏观题目考察较少？宏观题目你敢不背吗？

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•放宏观、抓微观

步骤3（关键）：第2段怎么办？ •••••

利用两篇文章观点对立先让步，后展开

There’s no denying the fact that…

This statement does contain an element of truth at the first glimpse.However, it must be pointed out that

步骤3：第2段怎么办？ 好处： ••宏观：促进城市、社会和经济发展微观：个人便利、效率、就业、收入坏处： ••••企业追求利润、缺乏自律、缺乏环保利润管理松懈…消失There’s no denying the fact that shared bikes do bring people some convenience and efficiency. This statement has some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that they also bring some problems which never exist before. For one thing, many shared bikes users are in lack of occupational self-discipline, parking the bicycles at random. For another thing, they seldom show public awareness, disregarding the rules on city management. As a result, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing negative influence to the convenience of the citizen’s normal life. In this situation, traffic jams often break out, particularly around the public places during the rush hours. Gradually, it is difficult to maintain a clean environment in the urban regions. And the orderly traffic is vanishing from

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many cities which have introduced these bicycles.

全文：

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of （shared bicycles）in a modern city. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the articles focus on the benefits and disadvantages of this new kind of transportation vehicle, as can be seen in the following. There’s no denying the fact that shared bikes do bring people some convenience and efficiency. This statement has some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that they also bring some problems which never exist before. For one thing, many shared bikes users are in lack of occupational self-discipline, parking the bicycles at random. For another thing, they seldom show public awareness, disregarding the rules on city management. As a result, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing negative influence to the convenience of the citizen’s normal life. In this situation, traffic jams often break out, particularly around the public places during the rush hours. Gradually, it is difficult to maintain a clean environment in the urban regions. And the orderly traffic is vanishing from many cities which have introduced these bicycles. These factors, internal or external, can jointly account for this situation in the essay. This trend, I believe, will still exist in many Chinese cities in the future. So in the issue of shared bikes management, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up at government level. And the relevant department can make strict laws to punish those irresponsible enterprises. Meanwhile, professional suggestion from the researchers cannot be ignored: they are more qualified and experienced. In sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic under scrutiny. 7

题材2：诚信话题 成文套写： Students Teachers might regard plagiarism as a serious problem. They think we should have enough time to work on their homework or at least we should have planned about their time. But for us, since the popularization of computer and internet, a bulk of information can be obtained from internet. This offers us a great opportunity to look for someone’s idea. Since we can search the information from the Internet, why bother to create? Schools: Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of ethics. In academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense. Given the serious consequences that plagiarism has for students, there has been a call for a greater emphasis on learning in order to help students avoid committing plagiarism. This is especially important when students move to a new institution that may have a different view of the concept when compared with the view previously developed by the student. Indeed, given the seriousness of plagiarism accusations for a student's future, the pedagogy of plagiarism education may need to be considered ahead of the pedagogy of the discipline being studied. The need for plagiarism education extends to academic staff, who may not completely understand what is expected of their students or the consequences of misconduct. 成文套写：

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of plagiarism at campus. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the articles focus on the reasons for the plagiarizing behaviors, as can be seen in the following.

There’s no denying the fact that many students don’t have enough time to follow

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up their academic studies. Under pressure, they usually find it easy to copy ideas or information from other sources. As far as the students can see, this statement might have some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that the lack of self-discipline is a major factor in the issue of plagiarism. For one thing, many college students are not willing to spend much time on learning. For another thing, they seldom show an honest attitude, disregarding the rules on academic studies. Under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing negative influence to many students' academic performance. In this situation, it is difficult for them to maintain learning level. Gradually, scientific attitude and creative spirit are vanishing from the campus.

This trend, I believe, will still exist in many universities in the future. So in the issue of plagiarism, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up. And the relevant department can make strict rules to punish those students who steal ideas or information from other sources. In sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic under scrutiny.

总结：到底应该背什么？

Some profit-oriented companies lack self-discipline in their businessoperation(不讲诚信)Some profit-oriented companies lack honesty in their business operation They either seek instant wealth and quick success, or defy the rulesconcerning…(They refuse to carry out social duty as a responsible enterprises) These profit-oriented activities infringe the rights of many consumers.In the long run, the reputation of an industry will be ruinedThe public image will be more or less (destroyed/tarnished), and with it, the faithin these products is gradually vanishing from the hearts of consumers. Relevant rules are seldom strictly observed, it is unfitting and improper to doso, because such practice often tarnishes these people’s image as a well-behaved 9

traveler, and run counter to the civilized rules in a contemporary society（行为俗浅薄、和文明社会准则相悖） choose public transport such as buses and subways, it is justified to do so,because such behaviors reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission. More importantly, show their civilized manners and low carbon life style.选择公共汽车或者地铁，降低能源消耗，表现出文明的举止和低碳生活方式。 build up factories/emit various kinds of pollutants into atmosphere(air), suchas CO1, CO2 and SO2/ dramatically reduce (affect) air quality/cause not only smog and haze, but also acid rain/ change local climate patterns/lead to greenhouse effects缺乏自控、建立工厂、排污染物、影响空气质量、导致雨雾、酸雨、影响气候、导致温室效应 题材2：诚信话题：成文和套写

This trend, I believe, will still exist in many universities in the future. So in the issue of plagiarism, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up. And the relevant department can make strict rules to punish those students who steal ideas or information from other sources. In sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.

题材3：文化题目的思路

好处： 全球化(globalization) 历史(history) 智慧的结晶（sum total of wisdom） 智慧文明(wisdom, civilization) 传统遗产（tradition, heritage) 民俗和审美价值（folk, aesthetic value） 国际社会形象(an image in the international community) 10

坏处： 文化优越性 (cultural superiority) 文化压制(suppression, domination) 偏见(cultural bias) 意识形态冲突(ideological conflict) 参考文章：

Cultural Diversity: Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay. The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other's differences. The phrase \"cultural diversity\" is also sometimes used to mean the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. Globalization is often said to have a negative effect on the world's cultural diversity. There are many separate societies that emerged around the globe differed markedly from each other, and many of these differences persist to this day. As well as the more obvious cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment. Cultural diversity can be seen as analogous to biodiversity. Monoculturlism: Monoculturalism is a political policy whereby a single social or ethnic group attempts to dominate and suppress the culture of other ethnic groups in a given country or society. It generally stems from beliefs within the dominant group that their cultural practices are superior to those of minority groups. In this context, it may also involve the process of assimilation whereby other ethnic groups are 11

expected to adopt the culture and practices of the dominant ethnic group. Monoculturalism, in the context of cultural diversity, is the opposite of multiculturalism and regarded as a form of cultural decay. 范文：

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of multiculturalism and monoculturalism. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the articles focus on the co-relationship between the two approaches dealing with cultural identity: diversity or domination, as can be seen in the following.

There’s no denying the fact that there used to be a period, in which one cultural pattern might be superior to another, hence the possibility that certain minority groups are in the status of being suppressed or dominated. As far as I can see, this statement might have some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that cultural diversity is the growing trend at the background of globalization. For one thing, each culture has a long history during the development of a country, representing the sum total of wisdom that belongs to a particular ethnic group. For another thing, in the process of social evolution, this cultural form gradually becomes an element of ancient civilization and a part of traditional heritage. In this situation, the individual cultural distinction is not only a symbol of the folk values in a given region, but also an image of a country in the international community. The conclusion is that it is difficult to achieve monoculturalism in the world today.

To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. Multiculturalism is the future trend, rather than monoculturalism. This tendency, I believe, will still exist in many parts of this planet. So in the issue of cultural interaction, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up in each nation. And the relevant department can make a series of plans to promote cultural interaction, instead of attempting to dominate the culture of another country. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic under scrutiny.

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文化题目好词好句

•但是传统文化传统不容忽视，它们可以看作是智慧的结晶，属于某一个固定民族：However, traditional cultural elements cannot be ignored. They can beregarded as the sum total of wisdom, which belongs to a particular ethnicgroup.•另一方面,它们还是文明的一部分，传统遗产的一部分：For another thing, theyare a trail of ancient civilization and an element of traditional heritage.•它们的文化独特性代表一个国家在国际社会上的形象，并具有民俗和审美的价值：The cultural distinctions， such as prosperity, harmony and family gathering，represent an image in the international community, along with tremendous folk(aesthetic) values.•当它们作为一种形象出现在世界上，就是经济发展和文化互动的巨大动力：Whenthey emerge on the international stage, they can be a major driving forceof economic cooperation and cultural interactions.•中国的文化主管部门应该为频繁的文化交流建立机制，隔阂不是明智的选择，在全球化和多极化的世界，一个国家也不能故步自封夜郎自大。 It is importantthat the cultural authority in China provide an effective mechanism for thefrequent cultural exchanges: isolation is no longer a wise and viable option.In the trend of globalization and polarization, a country cannot stick tothe beaten track or rest in the past glory.•Despite cultural bias, religious divide and ideological conflicts,cultural interchanges effectively lift the barriers between nations. 尽管有文化分歧，宗教分歧和意识形态冲突，文化交流依然有效地消除国家之间的隔阂题材4：教育和择业 写作思路 思路： 13

知识(knowledge: theoretical knowledge) 能力(practical abilities：problem solving) 技能(professional skills：analytical skills) 综合素质(overall qualities) 机会(opportunity) 成功(personal achievement, success) ••••收入：handsome salary奖金：yearly bonus带薪假期：paid vacation升职机会：promotion但是都需要： 勤奋(diligence) 脚踏实地精神(a down-to-earth attitude) 方向感(a clear sense of direction) 好习惯(a good habit) 自控自律(self-control, self-discipline) 创新、进取(creativity, self-improvement) 雄心壮志(ambition and aspiration) 原文（2017年真题） 正方 The Pros of Job Hopping Until recently, job hopping was considered career suicide. But things have changed. As job longevity becomes a thing of the past, employers and recruiters are beginning to have a different outlook on job hopping. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average number of years that U.S. workers they do it for the right reasons, says Laurie Lopez, a partner and senior general manager in the IT Contracts division at WinterWyman. “For those in 14

technology, for example, it allows them the opportunity to gain valuable technical knowledge in different environments and cultures. This can be more common for those specializing in IT. In order to keep their skills fresh, it is necessary for technologists to remain current in a highly competitive market. Job hopping is more common with employees that are less tenured, and feel confident in their skills to be able to move on and can add value immediately in a new opportunity. With employers being more open to hiring job hoppers, we expect the trend to continue.” Job hopping becomes more difficult as employers seek solid credentials 反方： Amid a slowdown in the country’s economic growth, the good times for job hoppers might be coming to an end, said Angel Lam, associate director of commerce and finance, human resources, supply chain and operation business of Robert Walters. Job hoppers are those who frequently change jobs in a two-year span, according to global recruitment consultancy Robert Walters. Employers started to shun the job hoppers in 2012, and the trend became more apparent in 2013 and this year. “About 90 percent of our clients will simply reject the candidate if they find traces indicating job hopping in the resumes. They wouldn’t even give an interview,” she said. The usual time span for candidates to change a job should be between four to six years, especially for middle to senior management candidates, as they have to demonstrate progress to their employers over this period of time, according to Lam. Usually, the candidate will adapt to all the changes in the job in the first year, make some fine tuning in the second year, speed up his or her progress in the third year and start to seek more stable development in the ensuing years. Only in this way can the employee improve adaptability, gain persistence and grasp basic skill sets required for the job, Lam said. 15

参考范文：

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of job hopping. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the articles focus on advantages and drawbacks of job changing. But in my view, the benefit of job hopping far exceeds the potential disadvantages, as can be seen in the following.

There’s no denying the fact that it is somewhat difficult for some company clerks to seek a new position in the market, especially in the current economic slump. So it sounds safe if one chooses to work in a company, rather than risking a well-paid position for an uncertain future. This statement might have some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that those aspiring employees can still benefit greatly from their daring decision. For one thing, they acquire new professional knowledge in a new company, meanwhile greatly improving their practical working skills. For another thing, in the process of job transfer, these clerks gradually develop new thinking pattern, showing more creativity and inspiration. In this situation, their overall quality is tremendously promoted, hence more opportunities in the market place. The conclusion is that job hopping might be a bold option, but it is a beginning to seek career achievement and personal development, particularly for those who have more working skills.

To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. In the current social setting, it is a growing trend that young employees seek new development, instead of sticking to a dead-end job. A decent job might bring people handsome salary, yearly bonus and paid vacation. But it cannot replace a desire for knowledge, abilities and personal achievement. For those people with ambition and aspiration, job hopping is still an option.

变形题目

1）2018年考题：Whether to seek perfection2）大纲样题：On-line Education.

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一方面在生活中缺乏自律：Some young people are supposed to show self-disciplinein their daily life.） 另一方面，他们形成良好的学习习惯，不表现出脚踏实地的工作精神和态度以及明确的方向感：For another thing, it is essential that they form a good habit in their academic studies, nor do they show a down-to-earth working attitude or a sense of clear direction. 和素质在学习和工作的过程中得到提升，如思考能力、分析问题的能力、解决问题的能力：Those important qualities can be strengthened in the process of academic studies or professional work, such as independent thinking, analyzing skills and problem solving abilities. 总之，人人都可以记忆事实，但是并非人人能思考和分析，公司并不需要机器人，而是需要能够贡献出想法的人。To sum up, anyone can memorize facts, but not everyone can think and analyze. Most companies don’t need robots, but creative people that can contribute ideas. 对于年轻人而言，应该认清社会的需求，调整学习方法，从基层做起：For youngsters, itis advised that they define social needs so that they can adjust learning methods or start from small details. 题材5：网络：（人工智能，网络课程） 好处： 方便（convenience) 效率（efficiency） 信息（information） 沟通（communication，interaction) 缩短距离(geographical and psychological distance) 坏处： 17

安全（security） 隐私（privacy） 结论： 是人类创造的产物(a product of human invention) 传统不消失(traditional means of communication still exists) 参考范文：

Currently, a discussion is taking place in the Chinese society: whether AI (artificial intelligence) is advanced enough to replace human beings. In this issue, people always vary in their views, but as I can see it, the influence of AI is still positive, and greatly improves the daily life of many people. So it is too early to say that AI threatens our existence, as can be illustrated in the following paragraphs. There’s no denying the fact that there are some problems in the development of AI, for example, some accidents due to unexpected malfunction of mechanical devices with artificial intelligence. However, it must be pointed out that the influence of AI is essentially positive. And this remark is well grounded on my observation of the current social setting in China. For one thing, thanks to its invention, people can enjoy great convenience and efficiency, especially in the process of agricultural and industrial production, aeroplane design or information (statistical analysis). For another thing, these people can receive more assistance in some other fields, particularly language or graphic recognition. As a result, with a support from AI, the technical level of human beings has been tremendously improved. In this situation, AI is designed by human beings to strengthen productivity, and it is the product of human scientific technology. People can invent it, and then control it for their own purpose. It is too early to assert that people are under its threat, or become victims of this invention. To sum up, despite some potential threats, the influence of Internet is far reaching and positive. It solves many practical problems for many citizens, hence 18

an indispensable part in the social life of human beings. So I think it cannot replace human beings in the near future. This statement might be traditional, but it turns out to be realistic and rational in current social setting. 好词好句

喜欢过网上生活，为他们提供便利：For one thing, many net citizens are in preferencefor an on-line life (a mobile phone/on-line learning/AI technology), which definitely provides them with convenience and efficiency. 提高效率，有时间处理自己的事情 along with the popularity of Internet(cellphones/on-line education/AI), the daily efficiency is also greatly improved, and the users have enough time to handle the private business, rather than taking up too much precious time and energy on daily shopping(daily routine/complex calculation). 由于这个发明，网络使用者们得到大量信息：Thanks to this great invention, Internetcan offer people a wealth of up-to-date information for decision making. (on-line education/cell phones/devices with AI) 信息源变得直接、简单和开放（透明），沟通更为顺畅，人与人之间的地理距离和心理距离更为缩短：As a result, information sources become increasingly direct, easy and open (transparent). And the person-to-person communication is more smooth, with shorter (geographical and psychological) distance between different people (students and teachers/consumers and producers) 因特网像胶水一样，把整个社会粘接在一起，借助着网络技术，人类可以实现很多以前无法承担的工作：The Internet (The cell phone/The on-line education) is built on shared values: It is the glue that keeps a society together. With the aid of Internet technology (on-line education/AI technology), many objectives can be achieved. But decades ago, such tasks were still beyond the imagination of human beings and the scope of hi-tech. 网络是人类想象力和创造力的产物，人类迟早会意识到，应该有意识地将它的发展置于自己的控制之下，而不是沦为它的奴隶。最终拥有决定权的是人类。因此，做出谁被谁替代的

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代的结论还是太早。Internet (Internet education/AI technology) is the product of human imagination, inspiration and creation. Sooner or later, human beings will realize (become aware) that they have to bring its development under immediate control, instead of falling its slaves. It is human beings that account in this matter. So it seems too early to hastily conclude that people will give place to silicon chips. 总结3：

基础薄弱考生：背熟模板 不想模板，要多背 不想多背，要多套“模板”

“反“模板：

别人是顺手拈来

你是海量背诵

题材6：时尚类型 思路： 好处： 眼球效应(strong eyeball effect) 公众关注（public attention） 虚荣心（vanity） 坏处 矫揉造作，装（unaffected, unnatural） 肤浅俗丽(poor taste, superficiality, garishness) 过度商业化(over-commercialization) 自以为是(self-centeredness, self-importance) 原文：冰桶挑战，真人秀（2016年考题）

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选文： Ice bucket challenge: who’s pouring cold water on the idea? The ice bucket challenge has certainly raised awareness. Whether that’s primarily of the disease for which it is raising funds or the speed at which images of swimsuit-clad celebrities will go viral is a long-term question. More pertinent right now is whether or not the craze has reached a tipping point. As it lived by social media, so the ice bucket challenge could die by it. The state of California is currently experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. So gestures such as companies dousing their staff en masse in hundreds of gallons of icy water, come across more as wasteful PR exercises than charitable gestures –and are being called out as such on Twitter.There has been a similar reaction in China. Last week, protesters indrought-stricken Henan province raised empty red buckets over their heads, accompanied by the slogan “Henan, please say no to the ice bucket challenge”. China’s ministry for civil affairs, while broadly supportive, has warned citizens against the practice’s “entertainment and commercial tendencies”. But the real dampener could be the risk of bodily harm. Doctors around the world have warned of risks to elderly people, expectant mothers and people with heart conditions. ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Takes U.S. by Storm In the last two weeks, the Ice Bucket Challenge™ has quite literally “soaked” the nation. Everyone from Ethel Kennedy to Justin Timberlake has poured a bucket of ice water over his or her head and challenged others do the same or make a donation to fight ALS within twenty-four hours. Between July 29 and today, August 12, The ALS Association and its 38 chapters have received an astonishing $4 million in donations compared with $1.12 million during the same time period last year. The ALS Association is incredibly grateful for the outpouring of support from those people who have been doused, made a donation, 21

or both. “We have never seen anything like this in the history of the disease,” said Barbara Newhouse, President and CEO of The ALS Association. With only about half of the general public knowledgeable about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the Ice Bucket Challenge is making a profound difference. Since July 29, The Association has welcomed more than 70,000 new donors to the cause. “While the monetary donations are absolutely incredible,” said Newhouse, “the visibility that this disease is getting as a result of the challenge is truly invaluable. People who have never before heard of ALS are now engaged in the fight to find treatments and a cure for ALS.” 参考范文：

The passage mainly discusses the issue of ice bucket challenge a popular TV program in the entertainment circle. According to the author, this program does have some benefits, particularly in the purpose of drawing the immediate public attention. However, there are still some problems, particularly in terms of its shallowness. In my view, the disadvantages of this practice outweigh the so-called benefits, and therefore it is not advisable to make this attempt, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. There’s no denying the fact that ice bucket challengebrings more investment to cure a disease . Meanwhile, it highlights the participant’s individualities, attracting the attention from the general public. However, it must be pointed out that the behavior of pouring ice water on the head is more or less superficial, showing certain larger-than-life personal characters. For another thing, through these extreme activity, the participants look rather unnatural and affected. As a result, their vanity is greatly satisfied, winning strong eyeball effects from the general public. But, behind these self-important behaviors, nothing is gained, except for an extorted personality. Given the analysis above, The reality show has been a practice that highlights one’s personalities and self-image. It is a symbol

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of self-commercialization and shallow taste. To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned at the beginning of this article: Despite the fact that the ice bucket challenge draws public attention, it is not the only approach that can raise fund. Perhaps, it is more realistic that we seek other more significant ways to call for social assistance. This conclusion might be traditional, but it is at least rational. 好词好句

将隐私曝光：Instead of protecting their privacy, some entertainment stars bringtheir private life into the spotlight. An attempt to seek eyeball effects in the general public is one of the primaryintentions of these behaviors.（炫耀财富、追求眼球效应） Whatever they do，their vanity is greatly satisfied, but their larger-than-lifeindividual characters are reflected in this process.(However, they behave in an affected waythey do so for effectWhatever they do, they appear extremely unnatural and affected（矫揉造作） Their intention is to please the public with claptrap, and they successfullyachieve that purpose. But superficiality and poor taste are gleaming on their faces. These activities, I would say, are to tease the audience with the fake charming. 他们的动机是哗众取宠，而且成功地达到了目的。但是肤浅和品味低下在脸上闪耀。不得不说这些举动只是在哗众取宠。(they do successfully put themselves in the spotlight, but appear garish and superficial显得很俗丽和肤浅They do successfully draw the public attention, but garishness is gleaming on their faces, along with their superficiality.)显得很俗和肤浅 Acting cute might add charm to one’s personalities, but such behavior lack realpurpose, or say, one behave in a silly way in a situation where he should be serious and sensible. In fact, it might have just the opposite effect, his superficiality.卖萌也许能为个性添彩，但是这种行为缺乏目的性，或者说在需要庄重的场合却表现的愚蠢，其效果只能适得其反，凸显自身的肤浅性。 23

It seems justified that the media, including radio, television, newspapers andthe Internet, give wide coverage to …, because these reports can always attract public attention. However, it is unwise to overdo it in order to hook viewers. 媒体似乎进行全面报道是十分合理的，因为这些报道可以吸引公众的注意力。但是不能为了吸引观众而做得过度。 It is advised that the citizens, as viewers, have a good judgment in the matterof… Behind those self-important behaviors are the by-products of our society: over-commercialization, shallow taste and excessive narcissism. 观众要有理性和判断力。在这些自以为是行为的背后是我们社会的副产品：过度商业化、肤浅品味和过度自恋。 题材7：健康（较少，一般了解） 思路

忙于工作和挣钱（make both ends meet） 占用时间和精力（take up much time and energy） 生活颠倒(the life is upside down.) 亚健康(sub-healthy problems) 回归正常(be back to a normal living pattern) 适当娱乐(pastime, relaxation, entertainment) 平衡生活(a balanced life, keep balance between .. and …) 原文：双向观点变成单向观点怎么办？ 选文略： Health is wealth!\". This is an old saying which the majority applaud. As a rule, the wealthier you are, the weaker is your health. 参考范文：

In this passage, the author explores the relationship between wealth and health. According to the author, (there is no denying the fact that) money plays an important 24

part. However, physical health cannot be ignored in the daily life of many people. Personally, I agree with this point of view, as can be seen in the following. There’s no denying the fact that tremendous wealth does bring people a prosperous life. This statement has an element of truth in the modern society. But it must be pointed out that it is essential that their physical status be given more priority to. Due to social pressure or material desire, modern people have to work hard to make both ends meet. For another thing, for the so-called personal success, they often take up much time and energy on their daily work or academic studies. Under these circumstances, their physical health is more or less affected, accompanied by many sub-healthy problems or chronic diseases. In this situation, it is barely possible to seek wealth, because physical health is worsening off. Nothing is more important than solid physical condition. Without it, people cannot work effectively or develop their career. It is advised that modern people form a good habit, living a balanced life. In addition, they are suggested to take some sports activities to improve physical health. This statement might sound too traditional, but it is at least realistic and rational. 好词好句

占用精力：For one thing, these youngsters always take up much energy on the Internet投入大量业余时间，而这些时间本来应该花在社会活动或者学习上：For another thing,they often put a large amount of spare time that should have been spent on the social activities or academic studies. (fritters away precious time on something shallow and meaninglessidles awaytheir leisure time on something shallow and meaningless占用时间，熬夜很晚： Most of them tend to overwork or stay up late until the midnight熬夜，睡眠不足：stay awake deep into the night and then lose their normal sleep） 正常生活颠倒，伴有亚健康状况，如头疼、头晕和失眠：As a result, the normal livingpattern is more or less brought upside down, along with some sub-health problems such as headache, dizziness and sleep loss (insomnia) 25

工作时走神become distracted and less motivated, when they do begin to work.沉溺网络往往与身体极限、身体精神崩溃联系，影响日常效率，给健康带来不良影响：On-line addiction is often related to physical limit and mental collapse. It is a bad living habit, which impairs daily efficiency of many young people, bringing some negative influences on their daily life. 在一些极致情况下，这种不良生活习惯甚至诱发疾病，导致猝死：（In some extreme cases,excessive net indulgence is likely to result in some diseases such as high blood pressure or cerebral hemorrhage，or worse, sudden death) （慢跑、游泳、打篮球、爬山、远足、唱歌、开晚会: Apart from sticking on line, young people can take part in many sports activities such as jogging, swimming and playing basket ball. Even staying indoors, they have a lot of things to do, listening to the music, watching movies, or doing aerobics (playing chess/reading/doing yoga exercises). At weekend, hill climbing is also an option, or they take many friends on an excursion. All these activities can bring a lot of fun, thus avoiding on-line addiction (relieving academic/work pressure.). do morning excises（晨练）、lead a normal life（正常生活）、quit smoking and nevertouch alcohol（戒烟戒酒）；keep away from smoking and alcohol（远离烟草和酒精）；do regular physical examination定期体检 It is noted that youngsters form a good habit, or they will live a double life.Self-adjustment is also needed, which bring them back to a normal living pattern. In this way, they can keep a balance between the virtual world and the real one（养成好习惯，学会自控，保持平衡。） 题材8：伦理和爱心（较少，一般了解） 思路 物质（food, clothes） 金钱（living cost, housing condition, medical insurance, tuition fee） 26

责任和义务(responsibility, obligation) 爱心(love, support, care, material support, spiritual comfort, mental back-up) 原文： 选文略 范文：

According to the author, of all the noble feelings of human kind, true love is of the great importance, regardless of all age groups, family backgrounds or social groups. Personally, I agree with this point of view, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. There’s no denying the fact that we are now living in a material world, in which money can be regarded as one of the most important things in our daily life. This statement does have an element of truth. But it must be pointed out that the power of true love cannot be ignored across the development of human history. Thanks to this emotion, people in difficult situation receive important daily necessities such as food and clothes. For another thing, the disadvantaged groups, the old and the young, can afford their living expenses, housing conditions or tuition fee. Under these circumstances, the social responsibility can be fully performed, with the moral obligation fulfilled. To conclude, nothing is more important (precious) than love, because it is a symbol material support and mutual support among different social groups. Love is never abstract or vague, but always concrete and visible. Each social member is supposed to extend his helping hand and show sincerity and sympathy to those people in difficult situation. Otherwise, they will probably live under depression, full of anxiety and disappointment. And the world in which we live will be filled with disagreements and conflicts. This statement might be conservative, but it is at least realistic and rational. 27

好词好句

For the sake of love, many warm-hearted social members provide food, clothes andmoney to the people in some disaster regions赈灾(donate one’s blood to a dying patient献血financially support a child to further his education.资助失学儿童raise donations for the disaster-stricken regions为灾区集资Tragedy struck whenan earthquake shook Wen Chuan, Sichuan province. Our assistance can relieve the refugees there from the grave situation.A series of calamities ruined Wen Chuan overnight---an earthquake and the death of family members. It is the time for us to give a helping hand to those survivors.) For another, they lend a helping hand towards other disadvantaged groups such aselders and children provide them with material support and spiritual comfort)伸出援手，提供支持The good deed might be misunderstood for malignance, or taken advantage of（善意举动也许会被误解为恶意，或者被人加以利用）It is not proper to adopt an attitude of indifference towards other people不要对他人持以冷漠的态度treat other people with indifferencefeign a certain indifference towards other people In this way, those sufferers can(not) be rescued from danger(hazards)(Love helpsthose sufferers out of difficulties, relieving them from misery(帮助他们克服困难、脱离险境) It is abiding love that endows people with optimism, courage, and faith (pluckup courage, and then regain their personal faith)让人们乐观、保持勇气、重新建立信念 It is of great significance to advocate mutual affection, because it symbolizesa kind of cohesive force, which tremendously strengthens mutual support among different social groups (consolidate social stabilityestablish a harmonious social setting)（增强互助、增强社会凝聚、和谐社会） 第九部分：从模板到‘反’模板 1）想过写句子吗

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••••

时间，名词+动词+名词+方法+地点+时间

时间，名词+appear, seem, become, +形容词+地点There appear/emerge+名词+地点

It is 形容词 for somebody to do something./It is essential that we 动词原形

•被动：名词 be 动词过去分词+地点+时间

2）不是长难句，而是长短交错“小玩闹“级别： 1．表语从句：基本结构为：…is that，经常用于考研写作的首尾句，例1： 中文：本文的主旨是… 英文：The central idea of this passage is that along with popularity of Internet, on-line shopping pattern becomes increasingly important among the everyday life of many Chinese consumers. 2． 宾语从句：常用于考研写作的句型有：It can be concluded that…/It is safe to say that…/The picture shows that…，加在句子前面，可以形成主次搭配。 例1： 中文：可以得出结论，过度捕捞已经给海洋环境带来严重的破坏。 英文1：It can be concluded that overfishing has brought severe damage to the ocean surrounding. 英文2：It is safe to say that overfishing has brought severe damage to the ocean surrounding. 6）让步状语从句：让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置，还可以在中间做插入语，在考研写作中十分通用。很多考生没有注意的一点是，能用 though, although, even though 做让步的时候，还可以用even if, while, notwithstanding替换。 例1： 作

中文：尽管商业捕鱼给捕捞公司带了大量利润，但是这种活动却给海洋环境带来严重破坏。 英文：Though commercial fishing brings considerable profit to a fishing company, th29

the ocean environment. （前置） 例2： 中文：尽管生活中充满压力，但是有自信心的年轻人却能在压力下保持镇定自若。 英文：A confident youngster can keep grace under pressuer, though his life is full 例3： 中文：抄袭可能对于一些人很方便，却违背科学探索精神。 英文：Plagiarism, though convenient for some people, disregard scientific and explo（中间插入语做补充说明） 例4： 中文：因特网可能隐含着隐私暴露和信息泄露的问题，但是仍然可以给人们带来便利和效率。英文：Internet provides people with convenience and efficiency, even if there existas privacy invasion and information leak. “适度炫耀”级别 3．现在分词结构： 这是处理两个动词时，最为常用的手法：英文的主体结构是主谓结构、一般是单谓语，当需要使用两个动词的时候，可以将一个动词做为核心谓语，另一个做为伴随状语，形成灵活搭配。 例如： 中文：这三个儿子和一个女儿围着自己的父亲，将他像足球一样踢来踢去 英语1：The three sons and a daughter, surrounding their father, kick him back and football. （将surround变成现在分词，放在中间做为插入语） 英语2：Surrounding their father, the three sons and a daughter kick him back and ffootball. （将surround变成现在分词，放在句子前面做为伴随状语） 英语3：The three sons and a daughter surround their father, kicking him back and ffootball. （将kick him back and forth like a football变成现在分词，放在句子后面做为伴随状语） 4．定语从句：大多数同学都知道定语从句的基本结构：名词which/who…，可是有一种 在考研写作中经常使用的定语从句用法，却很少引起考生的注意，即非限定性定语从句的用30

法：名词，who/which…,这种结构可以用who和which引出下文，这种情况下，which/who后面的句子可以对前名词进行补充说明，显得更为自然。 例子： 中文：儿女要给父母提供基本生活品，有了这些用品，才能确保老人们有舒适的晚年生活。英文：Sons and daughters are supposed to provide their parents with some daily neceguarantee these elders a comfortable life. 5.同位语从句：同位语从句经常用that将两个句子串接在一起，that在这里起到了解释、说明的作用。如将 that省略，变成冒号或者变成that is，两个句子就是分开的，加上that两个句子就会串接在一起。 例1： 中文：近来出现一种社会现象，空气污染在北京市区日趋严重。 英语：There emerged certain social phenomenon that air pollution becomes increasingly serious in Beijing region. 英语：There emerged certain social phenomenon: air pollution becomes increasingly serious in Beijing region. （也可以将冒号变成破折号或者that is，效果将是一样的） 5）被动语态：学术论文中一般尽量避免出现被动结构，不过在写应试作文的时候，被动非常有用，它可以使句式更多变。 例1：中文：人民的生活水平获得很大改善。 英语：The living standards of many people can be tremendously improved. （这句话也能也能用主动Many people can tremendously improve their living standards.) 例2：这些子女没有承担责任和义务。 英文：As sons and daughters, their responsibility is seldom performed, with unfulfi（如果将responsibility和moral obligation放在一起，主语就显得很赘。但是如果是…is seldom performed, with unfulfilled …，就显得错落有致。 3）绝对炫耀级别：修辞格1.对照(Antithesis)：考验写作中最为常用的一种结构修辞格，即将意义相对的词语放在对称结构中形成对照。31

词汇不必华丽，但是结构要严整，层次要分明，语义要映衬， 中文：很多年轻人愿意和别人通过网络聊天，却不愿意进行面对面的交流。 一般英文的写法：Many youngsters chat via Internet, but they are not willing to communicate with others face to face. 对照的写法：Many youngsters are only ready to chat via Internet, but somewhat reluctant to communicate with others face to face. 2.排比(Parallelism)将语义相同、语气一致的词和词组串接在一起，形成整体。表达简练、节奏明快、属于英语写作中最为常用的手法，当涉及到人生价值观等题材写作的时候，最可能涉及。 例1：定语从句平行结构 中文：职场需要有创意的员工、有探索精神的员工、脚踏实地工作的员工。 普通英文的写法：The workplace needs creative, explorative and hardworking clerks. 对比处理后的写法： What the workplace needs is a clerk who is creative, who has explorative awareness, and who shows a down-to-earth attitude towards their work. 例2：句子平行结构 中文：仁慈的心是花、仁慈的心是果、仁慈的心是花园。 排比处理：Kind hearts are the flowers; kind hearts are the fruits; kind hearts are the gardens. 3.修辞反问(Rhetorical Question) 和疑问句不同，反问语气可以表达肯定的含义，运用的巧妙，可以使得语气增强，气势上比一般陈述句要强。常用的手法是：1）自问自答：即用一个问句，如What is my opinion towards…?引出主题，然后阐述自己的意见；2）反问肯定：即用如How could it be realistic to…或者Can anyone doubt …这样的句型，用疑问的口吻表达肯定的意思 例1：自问自答 中文：我对英特网什么态度？它是具体的，不是抽象的。 修辞反问的写法：What is my opinion towards Internet? It is concrete and visible, rather than abstract and vague. 32

例2：反问肯定： 中文：老人无法过上幸福舒适的生活。 正常语序写法：Elders cannot live a happy and comfortable life. 反问肯定写法：How could it be realistic for elders to live a happy and comfortable life? 总结 4： 想要摆脱千篇一律的模板写作，就要追求一些风格上的东西，如爱心养老题材写得文雅些，带一点散文气；而人生观念题材则可以有一些演讲词的气质；环保等文章可以严谨详实，时尚追星不妨嬉笑怒骂。想让阅卷者动心，就得写点什么。

第十部分：课程总结

1）读文-辨别题材-归纳-第一段-第三段2）辨别题材，集中练习第二段3）放三，抓二4）“模板”

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of （shared bicycles）in a modern city. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the article focus on the benefits and disadvantages of this new kind of transportation vehicle, as can be seen in the following. There’s no denying the fact that shared bikes do bring people some convenience and efficiency. This statement has some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that they also bring some problems which never exist before. For one thing,…. For another thing, …. As a result, …. In this situation, …. These factors, internal or external, can jointly account for this situation in the essay. This trend, I believe, will still exist in many Chinese cities in the future. So in the issue of shared bikes management, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up at government level. And the relevant department can make strict laws to punish those irresponsible enterprises. Meanwhile, professional 33

suggestion from the researchers cannot be ignored: they are more qualified and experienced. In sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic under scrutiny. 4）各种题材的第二段（先宏观、再微观、注意人生价值观念）

1.(诚信题)：环保-广告假货-食品安全-网上谣言：金钱利润-不自律-违法道德-不负责-不管-消失-机制-计划和罚款-听专家的-开发技术-媒体的宣传 (食品安全-1998-2000-大气雾霾-剽窃)2.文化交流：文化遗产保护-保护老建筑-传统节日-传统和时尚：消费时尚-历史-智慧文明-传统遗产-（民俗-审美）价值-成就形象-机制-包容厚德-不闭关锁国3.学习/择业：自控-习惯-方向-方法-知识-技能-能力-文凭-素质-成功就业-金钱回报-竞争机会-态度是一切4.（网题）：网络-手机-网络教育-网上购物-广告-电子书-人工智能：乐意-便利效率-信息-沟通-交流-传统不消失5.（时尚题）追星-炫富-卖萌-网红(Internet stars)：个性-眼球效应-公众关注-做作肤浅-品位低下-俗-简单生活6.身心健康(题)：沉溺网络-疲劳驾驶-心理健康-学业压力大-辞职信-部分建议信-部分感谢信：乐意-占用时间-生活颠倒-亚健康-健康生活-适当娱乐7.(爱心关注话题)：养老-社会救助（爱心）-倡议书：物质(food and clothes)-金钱-责任-爱心-责任-爱You can’t write clearly, if you don’t think clearly. 祝你成功！

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2020专八写作冲刺课程讲义

第一部分：注意微观题材 诚信、环保、文化 爱心、健康、时尚

人生哲理、教育、择业、网络 第二部分：模板和文章主题相结合 万能模板：就没打算背

无模板：自由发挥，忽视规律 模板+主题 NOTE:

京华时报：许多考生会在考前背一些所谓的作文模板，对此您怎么看？

王继辉：背模板本身无可厚非，但从历年考试后的统计情况看，有相当一部分考生都是在临考前才匆忙背诵的，没有很好地消化吸收，这就导致在考试时很难将模板与试题指向的内容有效地结合。同时，由于每年考题的切入点有所不同，仅靠模板很难满足题目要求的全部写作要点。因此，考生应该将记忆模板内容的时间适当提前，在最后一周，留出时间针对历年作文试题，在灵活运用模板内容方面多做一些演练。 第三部分：宏观题目规律强 剽窃 共享单车 文化

第四部分：写作流程简述 阅读流程：

步骤1：阅读文章，归纳主题，判断类型 步骤2：套写第一段、呼应最后一段 步骤3：根据题材，提供第二段的例证

首尾要读、转折要读、注意肯否定、观点不走题，框架可以简化 写作流程：

步骤1：归纳文章大意=判断题材 步骤2：套写第一段、呼应第二段 步骤3：第二段的例证 第五部分：模板

第一段：By providing concrete facts and solid reasons, the essays above mainly discuss the issue of主题词. In the author’s opinion, 归纳, as can be seen in the following. 第二段： 先让步：There’s no denying the fact that …（1-2） 1

过渡：This statement does contain an element of truth. But it tends to overlook the other side of this issue. It must be pointed out that… For one thing, For another thing, As a result, To conclude, 第三段：绕着五点走 1.归纳：To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph, that is, 呼应第一段2.趋势：On the basis of the analysis above, it is at least safe to say that the above trend abovewill probably develop (continue) in many cities in the future.3.机制+计划：So it is essential that an effective feedback (supporting/monitoring) mechanismbe set up as soon as possible. Only in this framework can the government departments makeconcrete plans or tighten the rules in order to encourage quality foods into the domesticmarket. (control unhealthy foods into the domestic market.)4.媒体：The mainstream media can also play a part in this issue. It is advised that the TVstations and websites give wide coverage, emphasizing the significance of food health.(emphasizing the potential harm of unhealthy food products)5.公众的行为：As for the citizens, it is crucial that they show a sense of responsibility and aspirit of self-control. (participation)6.废话：Having read this essay, some readers might think that my point of view is somewhattraditional and conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic.第六部分：微观不好写

题目1：人生哲理、处事态度 测试目标：

1）人生哲理题材测试：低自尊和高自尊 2）如果出一篇怎么办？ PART V WRITING

Summarize the main idea of this passage, and then give your opinion to the issue of low esteem.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

原文：（无标题）练习

Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. \"It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem,\" write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.

The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others.

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The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.

The study concludes: \"Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one's proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous. ... The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. \"

As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, \"perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility,\" the researchers write.

In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the \"self-promoting establishment is starting to crumble. \"What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control,\" he said.

In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the crumbling down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let's hope it is indeed crumbling.

参考范文：

By providing concrete facts and solid reasons, the passage above mainly discusses the relationship between low and high esteem. The author points out that high esteem is prone to bring different kinds of violence, contrary to the idea that people with low self-evaluation are more likely to hurt others. Then he takes a step further, stating that the consequence of pursuing high-esteem might be counterproductive and hazardous. This conclusion seems unreasonable at the first sight, but it is logical under scrutiny.

There’s no denying the fact that (It is frequently assumed that) people with low-esteem are often violence-oriented, particularly bullies, rapists and gangsters. This statement does contain an element of truth. But it must be pointed out that those people with high-esteem are indeed dangerous. For one thing, they are often full of self-pride and self-respect. It follows that these qualities always bring a feeling of absolute superiority over other people, including the competitors or challengers. For another thing, this self-evaluation is subjective, rather than objective, and the side-product is that these people are in lack of modesty and self-control. As a consequence, when the pressure from the outside world is tremendous, far beyond the human capability, high esteem often transforms into anxiety, depression and mental collapse, all of which are often linked with a chain of violent and destructive activities.

In this issue, it is essential that some inherent virtues be advocated in the value education. It seems justified to emphasize the competitive spirit, because people are living in a world full of challenges. Without this spirit, it would be difficult to cope with those problems in the workplace. But modesty and self-control are also indispensable. Both of them are beneficial for human beings, whose psychological situation is often unstable. By learning to control themselves and showing respect to others, modern people can become calm and self-assured, bringing inner peace to their hearts and harmony to the outside world. This idea might sound traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic.

(310 words)

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译文：

通过提供具体的事实和确凿的理由，上述文章主要讨论了自尊心低与自尊心高之间的关系。作者指出了自尊心高往往带来不同种类的暴力，与此相反的是，自尊心低的人更容易伤害他人。作者进一步指出，追求高度自尊的结果可能是适得其反并且很危险的。这一结论乍一看似乎是不合理的，但在仔细研究下是合乎逻辑的。

不可否认的事实是（人们常常认为）自尊心低的人常常是暴力的源头，尤其是恶霸、强奸犯和黑帮分子。这个观点看起来有合理之处。但是必须要指出的是有高度自尊心的人确实很危险。一方面，高度自尊者充满了自傲和自重。这些品质总是给人一种绝对优越于他人的感觉，包括竞争者和挑战者。另一方面，这种自我评价是主观的，而不是客观的，其副作用是这些人缺乏谦逊和自制力。结果是，当来自外部世界的压力十分巨大，远超过人类的承受能力时，高度自尊经常转化为焦虑、抑郁和精神崩溃，所有这些往往都与一系列暴力和破坏活动有关。

就这个问题而言，在价值教育中提倡一些内在的美德是很必要的。强调竞争精神似乎是合理的，因为人们生活的世界充满了挑战。如果没有这种精神的话，在工作场所中就很难处理一些问题。但是谦虚和自制也是必不可少的。这两种品质都对人类有好处，尤其是那些心理状态常常不稳定的人。通过学习自控以及对他人展示尊重，现代人能变得冷静且自信，带给自己内心的平和以及外部世界的和谐。这个想法听起来可能很传统，但至少它是理性和现实的。

题材2：工作择业 测试目标：

1）工作择业问题 2）如何处理标题

PART V WRITING [45 MIN]

Read the passage carefully, and then summarize the main idea of this passage. After that, please give your opinion to the issue in this essay.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

有标题练习：Interview

So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.

There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course coordinator, a head of department and a head teacher. As they appear to be in complete harmony with one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.

Oxford Brookes University’s approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course coordinator Brenda St evens speaks of the value of getting students “to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other’s.” Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.

This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. “The better

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prepared students won’t be thrown by nerves on the day, ”says Ms St evens. “They’ll have their strategies and questions worked out. ” She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, “the better the student, the worse the interviewee. ” She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were tree, says Ms Stevens, you must still make your own case. “Beware of infernality,” she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized h is casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.

Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.

Find out about the people who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.

During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team

. But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.

Routine questions can be rehearsed, but “don’t go on too long,” advises the department head. They may well ask: “What have been your worst/best moments w h en teaching?”, or want you to “talk about some good teaching you have done. ” The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for over coming them. “I know I’ve got to work on classroom management — I would hope for some help,” perhaps. No one expects a new teacher to know it all, but they hope for an objective appraisal of capabilities.

Be warned against inexpert questioning. You may be asked questions in such a way that it seems impossible to present your best features. Some questions may be plain silly, asked perhaps by people on the panel who are from outside the situation. Do not be thrown, have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever le t them see that you think they have said something foolish. You will almost certainly be asked how you see the future and it is import ant to have a good answer prepared. Some people are put off by being asked what they expect to be doing in five or ten years’ time. On your preliminary visit, says the department head, be sure to give them a bit of an interview of your own, to see the direction the department is going and what you could contribute to it.

The head teacher offers his thoughts in a nine-point plan. Iron the application form! Then it stands out from everyone else’ s, which have been folded and battered in the post. It gives an initial impression which may get your application to the top of the pile. Ensure that your application is tailored to the particular school. Make the head feel you are writing directly to him or her. Put yourself at ease before you meet the interviewing panel: if you are nervous, you will talk too quickly. Before you enter the room remember that the people are human beings too; take away the mystique of their roles. Listen. There is a danger of not hearing accurately what is

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being said. Make eye contact with the speakers, and with everyone in the room. Allow your warmth and humanity to be seen. A sense of humor is very important.

Have a portfolio of your work that can link theory to practice. Many schools want you to show work. For a primary appointment, give examples from the range of the curriculum, not just art. (For this reason, taking pictures on your teaching practice is important. ) Prepare yourself in case you are asked to give a talk. Have prompt cards ready, and don’t waffle.

Your speech must be clear and articulate, with correct grammar. This is important: they want to hear you and they want to hear how well you can communicate wit h children. Believe in yourself and have confidence.

Some of the people asking the questions don’t know much about what you do. Be ready to help them.

Thus armed, you should have no difficulty at all. Good luck and keep your jacket on! 参考范文：

The passage above deals with the central role of interviews in the modern society. The author points out that a complete preparation is of great importance for an interviewee. Then he takes a step further, stating that the preparation should be comprehensive, especially good rehearsals, proper clothing, teamwork spirit, professional knowledge and linguistic capabilities. All of them are important elements of a thorough preparation of job interviews. This conclusion is not only reasonable, but also logical under scrutiny, as can be seen in the following.

It is frequently assumed that a well-prepared resume is always indispensable for a successful job application. This CV must be attractive at the first sight, giving a detailed introduction of one’s educational background and professional abilities. However, some fundamental factors are more or less ignored in this process. The major reason is that proper appearance shows one’s mental status and working attitude, both of which are indispensable for a qualified employee. Meanwhile, professional knowledge and teamwork spirit are two factors in the business operation. The former shows how well one can perform a task, while the latter implies coordination and communication abilities. It follows that all these elements require a careful and thorough preparation. To achieve this, it requires diligence, dedication and devotion so that an applicant can show his best performance to the HR manager. In this situation, the preparation for an interview is far beyond a brief account of one’s personal details, educational background and working experience.

In my view, it is essential that an interviewee show a positive attitude in the process of application. They are supposed to define the social need and adjust learning methods. It is advised that they learn self-discipline and have a clear sense of direction. In a job interview, their attitude will finally decide their altitude. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic.

(308 words) 译文：

以上这篇文章聚焦于一个问题，即面试在现代社会中的核心作用的问题。作者指出一个完整的准备对于被面试者来说是非常重要的。他进一步说明，筹备工作应该全面，尤其是非常好的排练、合适的服装、团队合作精神、专业的知识和语言能力。所有这些都是全面准备面试的重要因素。这个结论不仅仅是合理的，而且是符合逻辑的，下文将得以体现。

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人们通常认为，一份精心准备的简历对于一份成功的求职申请总是必不可少的。这种简历第一眼看到一定很吸引人，能详细的介绍一个人的教育背景和专业技能。然而，在这个过程中，基本因素或多或少的被忽视了。最主要的原因是，适宜的外表能显示一个人的精神状态和工作态度，这两者对一个有资格的应聘者来说都是必不可少的。同时，专业的知识和团队合作精神是业务运作中的两个因素。前者展现的是一个人完成任务的能力，后者则展示的是协调和沟通能力。因此，所有这些要素都需要仔细地和彻底地准备。为了实现这个目标，应聘者必须要勤奋、奉献和投入，如此方能给人力资源经理展现他最好的一面。在这个情况下，一个面试者的准备工作，不仅仅是简单的描述一个人的个人细节、教育背景和工作经历的。

在我看来，一个面试者在面试过程中表现出积极的态度是非常必要的。他们应该定义社会需求并调整学习方法。建议他们学会自律，有清晰的方向感。在一个工作面试中，他们的态度最终决定他们的高度。这个观点可能很传统，但至少是理性的现实的。 题材3：时尚：网红现象 练习目标： 1.两篇文章2.社会热点

Passage One:

Thin, V-shaped chin, huge eyes, supernaturally long eyelashes—when people see a girl with these features, they automatically reach for the phrase (wǎnghóngliǎn), or internet celebrity face. According to the stereotype, internet celebrities share this picturesque visage, with an unpleasant assumption they have had cosmetic surgery. They’re assumed to run online stores and to have fleeting romances with pop stars and the superrich.

But, becoming one of these lucky few isn’t easy, and while many manage to do it by accident, it is not an area yet governed by any field of economic science. In many ways, it’s like starting any business. You need to find your target audience, build up a unique personal brand, keep up constant communication with your followers (customers), and always remember to update regularly. In reality, it might take a team of experts to operate an account to make a Weibo look sufficiently humble and self-run.

Of course, the fastest way to success is sex appeal. Being pretty and fashionable is probably one of the easiest ways to become a grass-roots celebrity, giving these young and impressionable stars at least one skill: Photoshop. The prevalence of this ideal has resulted in the phrase, “online beauties only exist online” becoming cliché.

Passage Two:

Have you been to the Leaning Tower of Pisa lately? If so, you know that when you enter the grounds, you are greeted by hordes of hawkers trying to get you to buy their stuff…mostly junk. It’s only when you get through them do you see the iconic tower and beautiful surroundings that you have seen so many times in pictures. Truly magnificent and yet. It is leaning.

It can be just like that for Internet marketing beginners. When beginners first arrive on the scene, they are many times greeted by hordes of so-called gurus promising that you will make millions overnight. But only if you buy their book, their program, their course, join their membership, and oh, by the way, you must buy today before they “close the doors”. And by the

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time you finally get through that you have spent significant coin on digital dust that you will never use and may never read.

Now, don’t get me wrong, there are really good teachers and resources that you must take advantage of, but the really good ones aren’t hanging out at the entrance with the hawkers. So where do you find the good ones?

参考范文：

By providing concrete facts and solid reasons, the two essays above mainly discuss the advantages and drawbacks of Internet stars. The former one states that the influence of Internet stars cannot be ignored, particularly in marketing promotion, social influence and personal charm. The latter holds that the opposite might be true, emphasizing this social effect might be negative, In comparison, I’m in favor of the latter point of view, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

There’s no denying the fact that Internet celebrities can be seen as a symbol of fashion and commercialization. They usually bring strong eyeball effects to the general public, highlighting their personality and charm. This statement does contain an element of truth. But it must be pointed out that it has certain limitations. For one thing, Internet stars’ behaviors often reflect some larger-than-life characters, which attract the immediate attention from different social groups. In an era of information exchange and Internet link, even children cannot be immune from these influences. For another thing, one thing cannot be ignored: behind the attractive appearance of these Internet stars are their superficial values, money worship inclination and over-commercialization, all of which are not beneficial for the future social development. As a result, Internet stars, as a social phenomenon, greatly appeal to people’s emotions, desires and vanity. But they are the by-products of a society, which is full of over-commercialization, shallow taste and self-important behaviors. The conclusion is that the influence of Internet stars (cyberspace celebrities) is less than positive

In this sense, citizens, young people in particular, are supposed to have a good judgment to this phenomenon, and then show a clear direction to their children.

译文：

通过提供具体的事实和确凿的理由，上述的两篇文章主要讨论了网络明星的利与弊。前者陈述的是网络明星的影响不应该被忽视，尤其是市场推广、社会影响及个人魅力。后者则认为影响是反面的，特别是社会影响可能是消极的，相比之下，我更倾向于后者的观点，下文中将得以体现。

无可否认的事实是，网络名人可以被看作是时尚和商业化的象征。他们往往给普通大众带来强烈的眼球效应，突出他们的个性和魅力。这个观点看起来确实有合理之处。但是必须要指出的是它也有其局限性。一方面，网络明星的行为常常反应了一些有传奇色彩的特质，吸引了不同社会群体的关注。在信息交流和互联网连接的时代，即使是孩子也不能免受这些影响。另一方面，存在一个无法回避的事实：在这些互联网明星吸引人的外表背后，是他们肤浅的价值观念，崇拜金钱的倾向和过度商业化，所有这些都不利于未来的社会发展。结果是，网络明星，作为一种社会现象，极大地吸引了人们的情感、欲望和虚荣心。但是他们是社会的副产品，充满了过度商业化，肤浅的品味和自负的行为。这个结论是网络明星（网络空间名人）的影响，消极大于积极。

从这个意义上来说，公民，尤其是年轻人，应该对这个现象有一个好的判断，并且给自己的孩子以清晰的方向。

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题材4：网络，人工智能科技 测试目标：

1）尚未涉及的考题 2）兼顾网络教育 参考范文：

Currently, a discussion is taking place in the Chinese society: whether AI (artificial intelligence) is advanced enough to replace human beings. In this issue, people always vary in their views, but as I can see it, the influence of AI is still positive, and greatly improves the daily life of many people. So it is too early to say that AI threatens our existence, as can be illustrated in the following paragraphs. There’s no denying the fact that there are some problems in the development of AI, for example, some accidents due to unexpected malfunction of mechanical devices with artificial intelligence. However, it must be pointed out that the influence of AI is essentially positive. And this remark is well grounded on my observation of the current social setting in China. For one thing, thanks to its invention, people can enjoy great convenience and efficiency, especially in the process of agricultural and industrial production, aeroplane design or information (statistical analysis). For another thing, these people can receive more assistance in some other fields, particularly language or graphic recognition. As a result, with a support from AI, the technical level of human beings has been tremendously improved. In this situation, AI is designed by human beings to strengthen productivity, and it is the product of human scientific technology. People can invent it, and then control it for their own purpose. It is too early to assert that people are under its threat, or become victims of this invention. To sum up, despite some potential threats, the influence of Internet is far reaching and positive. It solves many practical problems for many citizens, hence an indispensable part in the social life of human beings. So I think it cannot replace human beings in the near future. This statement might be traditional, but it turns out to be realistic and rational in current social setting. 译文：

目前，中国社会中正在进行一场讨论：AI（人工智能） 是否已经足够取代人类。在这个问题上，人们各持己见，但是在我看来，人工智能的影响仍然是积极的，并且能够极大地改善许多人的日常生活。所以现在就说人工智能威胁我们的存在为时尚早，下文中将展开陈述。

不可否认的事实是，人工智能的发展存在一些问题，比如说，人工智能机械装置意外故障事故。然而，必须要指出的是人工智能的影响本质上是正面的。并且，这句话的依据是我

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对当前中国社会环境的观察。一方面，由于人工智能的发明，人们能够享受极大的便利和效率，尤其是在农业和工业的生产过程中，飞机的设计或者信息（数据分析）方面。另一方面，这些人能够收到来自其他领域的协助，特别是语言和图形识别。结果是，在人工智能的帮助下，人类的技术水平得到了极大的提高。在此情形下，人工智能是人类为了提高生产力而设计的，并且它也是人类科学技术的产品。人们能发明它，并且为了自己目标而控制它。现在断言人类正受到它的威胁，或者成为这项发明的受害者还为时过早。

总而言之，尽管存在潜在的威胁，互联网的影响是深远而积极的。它为许多现代人解决了大量的实际问题，因此，在人类的社会生活中是不可或缺的一部分。所以我认为在近期的未来，人工智能不能代替人类。这个结论看起来很传统，但事实证明，在当前的社会环境中，它是现实的和理性的。 第七部分 课程总结

1）读文-辨别题材-归纳-第一段-第三段2）辨别题材，集中练习第二段3）放三，抓二4）“模板”

The essays above, from different perspectives, mainly discuss the issue of （shared bicycles）in a modern city. By providing concrete background information, reliable statistics and in-depth analysis, the article focus on the benefits and disadvantages of this new kind of transportation vehicle, as can be seen in the following. There’s no denying the fact that shared bikes do bring people some convenience and efficiency. This statement has some element of truth, but it must be pointed out that they also bring some problems which never exist before. For one thing,…. For another thing, …. As a result, …. In this situation, …. These factors, internal or external, can jointly account for this situation in the essay. This trend, I believe, will still exist in many Chinese cities in the future. So in the issue of shared bikes management, it is of essence that an effective feedback mechanism be set up at government level. And the relevant department can make strict laws to punish those irresponsible enterprises. Meanwhile, professional suggestion from the researchers cannot be ignored: they are more qualified and experienced. In sense, it is not why this issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly. This idea might be traditional, but at least rational and realistic under scrutiny. 10