M1语法学案

Book8 Module1 Deep South

Grammar

知识梳理

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、补足语。 主语(Subject) 是全句谈论的中心话题

主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 练习：

I．划出主语，并说明什么充当主语。

1. 98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.

2. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world

3. The living are more important than the dead . 4. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.

5. Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions

6. Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste is very important to this continent.

7. What the treaty aims to do is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent

On the wall were several famous paintings. 墙上悬挂着几幅著名油画。

(4) 在 one of+复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。

This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. 这是今年所放的最佳电影中的一部。

(5) and 连接的并列主语为单数概念，前面有 every，each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Every man-worker and every woman-worker enjoys free medicine care.

(6) and 连接两个名词，指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 My teacher and friend is a young girl.

(7) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。

(8) the + adj. 表示一类人, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。

(9) “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。 (10) Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 其中A、B代表单数名词。

(11) 表示数量的 one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

(12) 几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of + n. / pron.作主语, 谓语动词由后面的n./pron.决定。而one of + n./pron.作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

(13) 表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数。 (14)以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等连接的名词（代词）作并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。

（14）“more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

总结：主语可由_________、_________、__________、__________、__________、__________

和____________等表示。

知识探究: 主谓一致

(1) 不定式短语、动词的-ing形式和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions. 做实验是找到问题答 (2) what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。

What we want is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。

What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.他们那个地区需要的是医务工 （3）倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定。

Adversity makes man wise, not rich.

徐中高二英语学案 主编人：ghy 审核人： JFP 月 日

More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。 More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。 （15）“many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。 Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。

C. changing D. have changed

10. No one in the department but Tom and I ____ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 11. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident. A. am B. be C. is D. are

12. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. A has B. have C. had .C. are D. is 14. There ______ in this room.

A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnitures C. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture 15. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go. A. were B. are C. was D. be 提高题：

1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

2. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______black people.

A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is

3. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working

4 “It is not only you but also Tom who _________,” said the teacher after knowing what had happened.

A. are to be blamed B. is to be blamed C. are to blame D. is to blame 5. Nobody but you________ what he said. A. agrees with

B. agrees outC. agree with

D.agree to

知识落实

1. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ________so small that a day is unimportant.

A．is B．are C．has been D．have been

2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

3. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________ used regularly．Now we have 60 working all day long. A．is B．are C．was D．were

4. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______also true of the Johnsons. A. are B．is C．being D．to be

5. A poet and artist ________coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A．is B．are C．was D．were

6. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 7. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days. A. we keeping B. Keep C. Keeps D. were keeping

8. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry.

A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 9. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed

Adversity makes man wise, not rich.