accessiblea.可到达的，可接受的，易相处的，平易近人的易混淆词汇：assess评定；估价accompanyv.陪同，陪伴，与…同时发生拓展：accompanysb.tothesupermarketcompanyn.作伴，伴侣accomplishv.完成(同义词：complete)accomplishmentn.成就，成绩拓展：accomplishthetask/purpose/goal(在英语写作中可以用到)2achievevt.达到，取得(同义词：gain)achievementn成就拓展：achievesuccess/victory/one’sgoal(在英语写作中可以用到)asenseofachievement成就感asenseofsatisfaction满足感asenseofbelonging归属感asenseofresponsibility责任感accustomed(to)a.习惯于,惯常的拓展：be/get/becomeaccustomedtodoingbeusedtodoing习惯于usedtodo过去常常accountn.账目;描述(助记：ac+count)拓展：openanaccount开户；accountof解释；onaccountof因为accountfor=takeup/occupy占倒装标志词：onnoaccount绝对不,无论如何不要(never,never，little，no,hardly，seldom，not，bynomeans，innocase，innotime马上）notuntil，nolonger，nosooner．than，hardly／scarcely．when，（立刻、，．．．．so，neither，only置于句首时,部分倒装)acquirev.获得，得到(知识)acquisitionn.获得，得到近义词：require,request形似词：in/enquirerequire：常用被动语态,表示\"需要,要求,命令\"requiredoingsth.,requiresth.ofsb.或requiresb.todosth.request：(语气委婉)表示\"请求,恳求,邀请\"in/enquire与of,about连用表示\"询问\";与into连用表示\"调查\".actionn.行动拓展：actas充当；扮演；起……作用takeactiontodosth.putsth.intoaction/practice把…付诸实施助记：play戏剧，line台词，plot情节playarole/partin=makeadifferencein起作用activea.积极的，主动的(passive被动的)activityn.活动拓展：经常用副词activelytakepartinactivities积极地参加各种活动active/extinctvolcano活/死火山在写作中三多可以让句子生动从而提高分数：多用副词修饰动词，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词3acknowledgev.承认熟词生义：acknowledgesb.向某人打招呼(完型常考点)acrossprep.横过，穿过crossv.getacross（使）被理解；（使）被接受拓展：come/runacross碰到=runintoaccusev.指控，指责拓展：accusesb.of(doing)sth.控告…beaccusedofbechargedwithadapt(to)v.使适应(adjustto)，适合，改编adaptationn.适应，改编本拓展：adaptoneselftothenewsurroundings调整自己适应新环境换一个字母：adoptv.收养，领养，采纳adoptachildtheadoptedson/daughteradoptanewpolicy/asuggestion/aplan/anattitudeadeptadj.擅长……的n.专家，能手beadeptinat=begoodatAddictn.瘾君子；入迷者vt.使上瘾，使自己沾染（某些恶习）拓展：Heisonly24yearsoldandadrugaddict.Beaddictedtosth.对......着迷上瘾Addiction上瘾addictive上瘾的Ifoundjoggingveryaddictive.addressn.地址vt.写地址；向…讲话（尤指演讲），解决(完型常考点)Thepresidentaddressedthepublic.拓展：addressthelettertosb.给某人寄信admissionn.准入,接纳admitvt.承认，准许（入场，入学(录取)，入会）拓展：admitone’smistakesadmitdoing/havingdone例句：Headmittedhavingstolenthemoney.sbbeadmittedto被录取HehasbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.admissionfee入会费；门票；学费advancev.推进，促进(promote)；前进拓展：inadvance(aheadoftime)预先，事先advancedadj.先进的/高级的anadvancedworker4advantagen.优点(merit，strength，strongpoint，virtue)好处反义词：disadvantage(shortcoming；defect；weakpoint；weakness)拓展：takeadvantageof利用haveanadvantageover优于…weighadvantagesanddisadvantages权衡利弊advocatev.拥护，支持(support,back)，提倡affairn.事，事情(私事；风流韵事)同义词：mission(军事)任务；task课业,一般事务；event(体育，大事)事件affectvt.影响affection同义词：effect，influencen.喜爱，钟爱haveaneffect/influence/impacton对……有影响affordvt.负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供拓展：can(not)/could(not)/beabletoaffordsth./todosth.affordablehousing保障房，经济适用房againstprep.对着，反对(for赞成)，衬着拓展：standagainstthewall靠墙站着；beagainststh.反对例句：Theyarestronglyagainsttheplan.Thepinetreewereblackagainstthemorningsky.agen.年龄；时代(agingsociety老龄化社会)(有相关阅读)
airn.空气；大气拓展：theUSAirForce美国空军festiveair节日氛围We'repoorandweneverputonairs.我们贫穷但从不装腔作势。intheair悬而未决ontheair在播放offtheair停止播放aloneadj/adv.单独的孤独的拓展：Sheisaloneathome.她独自一人在家。Theshoesalonecost$200.“只有，仅仅”let/leavesb./sth.alone别打扰letalone更不用说5lonelyadj.“孤单的，无伴侣的，无人烟的，荒凉的，偏僻的”拓展：alonelyman/island.feellonely孤寂的，寂寞的Helivesalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.alternativea.可供替代,非传统的(alter+native)拓展：alterv.改变alternateadj.轮流的；交替的v.交替；轮流ambiguousa.模棱两可的(这个词经常出现在阅读题中问作者的态度是什么)阅读题中问作者的态度的高频词汇：positive肯定的negative否定的；optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的；neutral/impartial中立的；compromise妥协的；cautious谨慎的；indifferent/unconcerned不关心的，冷漠的；objective客观的subjective主观的；favorable/approval赞成的的disapproval不赞成的；supportive支持的；critical批评的；suspicious/doubtful怀疑的；tolerant容忍的；ambitious雄心的，野心的；impractical/unrealistic不切实际的，空想的；practical/realistic现实的amusevt.（使人）快乐，逗乐拓展：amusesb.使…高兴amuseoneself自娱自乐amusementn.娱乐beamusedby/at/with被…逗乐toone’samusement让某人发笑anglen.角度；[比喻]（考虑、问题的）角度；观点同义词：pointofview，viewpoint，standpoint，perspectivestandinothers’shoes(站在别人的角度换位思考)(在英语写作中可以用到)another(后+单数可数名词)a.再一；另一；别的；不同的单选考点：oneis…theotheris…；some…other…pron.另一个answer拓展:n.回答,答复;回信;答案theanswertothequestionanswerfor对…负责v.回答,答复;回信;（作出）答案answeraquestion/thedoor/thephoneanxietyn.担忧，焦虑anxiousa.忧虑的，焦急的beanxioustodosth.渴望的，急切的6拓展:beanxiousaboutsth.forsb.appealv.上诉，申诉，吸引力，恳求例句：Thedesignhasappealedtopeopleofallages.吸引Iappealtoyoutoprotecttheenvironment.恳求appearvi.出现；(系动词：似乎，好像)(反义词：disappear)appearancen.出现，露面；容貌例句：Itappearsthatallthefileshavebeendeleted.档案好像都已经被删除了。judgesb’sbyappearances/looking以貌取人(judgeabookbyitscover)applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请applyv.申请拓展：applyfor申请；请求applysthto…运用，应用applyoneselfto致力于，集中精力做某事appointv.任命，委任，安排，确定（时间地点）appointmentn.约会反义词：disappointv.失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是approvev.赞成,同意,批准,通过助记：ap+prove证明拓展：approveof赞成，同意approvaln.反义词：disapproveapprovetheplan/proposal通过计划/提议arise(arose,arisen)vi.起来，升起；出现Anewcrisishasarisen.新危机出现。形近词：rise(rose，risen)，raise(raised，raised)，arouse(aroused，aroused)rise:Thesun~sintheeast.升起He~sat6:00everyday.起床givesb.arise给某人涨工资onthe~在增长giveriseto造成;引起，导致raise:raiseone’shand/voice举起手，抬高声音raisesb’sawareness唤起某人的意识raiseadograisemoney筹集钱arouse：arousesuspicion引起怀疑arousetheappetite激起食欲armn.手臂,支架武器（复）vt.以…装备,武装起来arm…with…拓展：arminarm手挽手takeuparms拿起武器(weapon)Armedwiththenewequipment,theexplorersenteredthecave.7bearmedtotheteeth全副武装aroundadv.大约；旋转；到处，四处；在周围prep.围绕；在附近aroundtheclock昼夜不停地拓展：aroundthecorner在拐角处，即将到来asad.&conj.像……一样；如同；因为prep.作为，当做拓展：as+adj./adv.原级+as和……一样主将assoonas/if从现一……就……assoon/muchaspossible表示虽然，尽管…，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序：adj./adv./n.+as+主语+谓语+主句Youngasheis,heknowsmuch.Tiredtheywere,theyworkedhard.attendv.看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加
attentionn.注意，关心attentivelyad.注意地拓展：attendameetingIhaveafewotherthingstoattendto.处理attendtosb.看护attendtoababypay(much/no/little)attentiontohold/drawone’sattentiontofixone’sattention/mind/eyesonattractone’sattentionattituden.态度;看法拓展：Attitudeiseverything.(在英语写作中可以用到)positive/negativeattitude积极/消极的态度optimistic/pessimisticattitude乐观/悲观的态度Optimisticattitudetowardslife-NoOneCanBePerfect（在英语写作中可以用到）换一字母：altitude海拔；高处；高地；高度awardn.奖品，奖励拓展：award侧重于奖励reward侧重于报酬，报答（某人、某事）awayad.离开；远离拓展：rightaway=atonce=innotime=immediate立刻，马上giveaway=letout泄露，赠送analyzev.分析analysisn.分析，分析结果
8拓展：analysisparalysis分析瘫痪;优柔寡断(有相关阅读)Bbachelorn.未婚男子，单身汉拓展：bachelorofscience理学学士bachelorofart文学学士back
ad.回（原处）；向后a.后面的；n.后部；背v.支持拓展：backtoback背靠背facetoface面对面handinhand手拉手sidebyside肩并肩hearttoheart心连心lookback回顾，追溯到date/trackbacktoturnone’sbackon避开，不理睬badlyad.坏，恶劣地；非常，在很大程度上
例句：Whydoyouwanttogosobadly?为什么你这么想走？(完型常考点)balancen.平衡balancedadj.均衡的beonabalanceddiet均衡饮食拓展：loseone’sbalance失去平衡bann.禁令v.禁止；取缔拓展：abanonsmoking禁烟令ban/forbidsb.fromsth./doing禁止某人做barriern.屏障，障碍(obstacle)，关卡basen.根据地，基地（棒球）垒basica.基本的basisn.原因，缘由，要素bebasedon拓展：basesth.on/uponsth.以…为基础Hisbookisbasedonatruestory.这本书根据真实故事改编。basicknowledge/skills基础知识/技能bearv.承受，负担，承担；忍受(stand，putupwith)；容忍n.熊拓展：Theiceistoothintobearyourweight.承受(重量)beartheburden/responsibility负担,承担bear/keep…inmind记住bearfruit生（孩子）；结（果实）begin(began,begun)v.开始,着手
9同义词组：setouttodosth.setaboutdoingsth.getdowntodoingsth.beginningn.开始，开端atthebeginningof…beat(beat,beaten)v.敲打；跳动；打赢n.（音乐连续有节奏的敲击）节拍拓展：Myheartisbeatingfasterthanusual.Hebeatmeinthegame.击败beat&defeat&strike&hitdefeat在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词behindprep.(表示位置)在…后面ad.在后面；向后拓展：drop/fallbehind落后leavesb./sth.behind遗落、忘带beliefn.信条，信念；信仰（可数:beliefs）拓展：religious/politicalbeliefsbeyondbelief/imagination/description难以置信/想象/形容believev.相信，认为believeitornot(插入语)信不信由你beneficiala.有利的，有帮助的，有用的benefitn./v.优势,益处,使…受益拓展：benefitfrom/by...benefitalot受益匪浅best（good,well的最高级）a.&ad.最好的；最好地，最n.最好的（人或物）拓展：do/tryone’sbesttodo尽全力做makethebest(use)of…尽量利用best--sellern.畅销书better(good,well的比较级)a.&ad.更好的(地)；更，更多拓展：hadbetterdo…最好做…否定：hadbetternotdobetweenprep.在（两者）之间；在…中间拓展：readbetween/beyondthelines体会言外之意beyondprep.(表示位置)在…的那边拓展：beyondone’simagination/description难以想象/描述beyondone’spower超出能力范围beyondmywildestdreams做梦也没想到10busya.忙（碌）的busilyadv.拓展：bebusywithsth.bebusy(in)doing忙于做blamen.&v.责备；责怪scoldv.责骂拓展：betoblame应该受到责备（主动表被动）blamesb.fordoing→sb.beblamedfor…blankn.&a空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的ablankexpression拓展：blankout(脑子)一片空白blackout停电blinda.瞎的deafa.聋的拓展：beblindto=turnablindeyeto对…视而不见、熟视无睹turnadeafearto置若罔闻，装没听到blindlycopy盲目地模仿boardn.木板；布告牌；委员会；（的）部v.上（船、火车、飞机）拓展：onboard在船（车、飞机）boardatrain上火车boomn./v.繁荣=prosperity(反义词：depression衰退/衰落)，轰鸣，激增拓展：babyboom生育高峰/婴儿潮(有相关阅读)botha.两；双pron.两者；双方拓展：both…and…两者都neither…nor…两者都不either…or…两者之一bottlen.瓶子拓展：bottleneckn.瓶颈；瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）；（尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈，阻碍breathn.气息；呼吸breathevi.呼吸breathlessa.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的拓展：holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸takeadeepbreath深呼吸outofbreath喘不过气来bring(brought,brought)vt.拿来，带来，取来拓展：bringup抚养，培育bringabout造成，引起[导致]（某事）bringout显现11brothern.兄；弟brotherhoodn.兄弟般的关系去掉一个字母：bothertodo/doing花费时间精力做某事；给...造成麻烦，痛苦burn(--ed,--ed或burnt,burnt)v.燃，烧；使烧焦；使晒黑n.烧伤；晒伤拓展：burndown烧毁getburnt被晒伤burntotheground=completelydestroyed夷为平地burstv.突然发生；突然发作拓展：burstoutlaughing/crying=burstintolaughter/tears突然大笑起来/痛哭起来butconj.但是，可是prep.除了,除……外拓展：not…but…不是…而是wehavenochoicebuttowait.除了等待别无选择。Wecandonothingbutwait.除了等待什么也不能做。butfor要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Ccan(could)can't=cannotmodalv.可能；能；不能n.（美）罐头拓展：less-than-canned不刻板的(有相关阅读)can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo禁不住cannot…too…=cannever…too…越…越好/再…也不为过例句:Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时再小心也不为过。caren.照料，保护；小心v.介意……，在乎；关心拓展：takecareof=lookafter照顾/保管takecare(that)…当心(lookout)Idon’tcare.我不在乎/我不放在心上。carefor喜欢；照顾careabout关心；在乎carefree(childhood)adj.无忧无虑的carefula.小心，仔细，谨慎的careless拓展：becarefulof…当心,小心a.粗心的，漫不经心的listen(to)carefullycarryvt.拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等
12拓展：carryon继续，进行carryout实施，执行casen.情况；病例；案件；n.箱；盒；容器innocase绝不拓展：incase+句子/incaseof+n.以免，万一inthis/thatcase如果这样/那样的话asisoftenthecase事实往往如此catch(caught,caught)v.捉住；赶上；染上（疾病）catchyadj.易记的；易使人上当的；迷人的拓展：catchupwith赶上catchsightof看见catchsb.doing撞见/捉住某人做某事catchone’seye=attractone’sattention引起某人注意；引人注目caterv.提供饮食，承办酒席；满足需求Theclasscatersforallabilityranges.Itcateredtoalltastes.拓展：caterforsth./sb.catertosth./sb.causen.原因，起因vt.促使，引起，使发生causeofeducation教育事业拓展：causeandeffect因果cautionvt./n.谨慎，小心，警告cautiousa.小心的，谨慎的拓展：becautiousof/about...cautionsb.(not)todowithcaution小心地cautionsb.against...警告某人警惕centrala.中心，；主要的，中心的centre(美center)n.中心，拓展：playacentralrolein…在…起着主导作用centralbank/government银行/centralthought/idea中心思想CCTV：ChinaCentralTelevisionceremonyn.典礼，仪式，礼节拓展：attendaweddingceremony13standonceremony拘于礼节withoutceremony粗鲁无礼，不拘礼节challengen.挑战(性)challenginga.具有挑战性的(achallengingjob)拓展：face/meetachallenge面对/迎接挑战cheatn.&v.骗取，哄骗；作弊拓展：cheatin作弊cheaton欺骗chancen.机会(opportunity)，可能性拓展：givesb.achance给…一次机会takeachance/chances冒险；碰运气bychance/accident偶然地changen零钱v.改变，变化；兑换changeablea.易变的，变化无常的拓展：changeone’smind改变主意GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.chargev.要求收费；索价；将(电池)充电n.费用；价钱拓展：chargesb.withsth./doing指控某人做了takechargeof负责/管理freeofcharge免费inchargeof负责inthechargeof被/由…负责chickn.小鸡chickenn.鸡；鸡肉拓展：Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.不要在还没孵出小鸡之前先数鸡。（别打如意算盘）choicen.选择；抉择choose(chose,chosen)vt.选择拓展：makeachoice/makechoices做选择havenochoice/optionbuttodo除了…别无选择colda.冷的，寒的，冷漠的(indifferent)拓展：have/catch/developacold14n.寒冷；感冒，伤风circlen./v.圆圈将…圈起来；环绕，盘旋例句：Theplanecircledovertheairportbeforelanding.circulatev.（液体或气体）环流，循环circumstancen.条件,环境,状况拓展：undernocircumstance无论如何；在任何情况下决不例句：Undernocircumstanceshouldyougiveupyourgoal.classn.（学校的）班；年级；课middleclass中产阶级拓展：afterclasshaveclassesthefirstclass头等theworkingclass工人阶级classica.一流的，典型的，有代表性的classicala.传统的；古典的
classifyv.分类(sortout)，归类classify…into…
cleara.清晰；明亮的；清楚的v.清除，放晴clearlyad.清楚地拓展：aclearexplanationclearup（天气）放晴closea.亲密的；近，靠近makeoneselfclearad.近，靠近vt.关，关闭closedown关闭、倒闭拓展：watchclosely密切注视；仔细观察aclosefriendbe/stand/getclosetoclosethedoor/eyeswithhiseyesclosed/opencollectvt.收集，搜集collectionn.收藏品，收集物拓展：collectstamps/stampcollecting集邮collectsb.from把某人从某处接走(完型常考点)colour(美color)n.颜色vt.给…着色，涂色拓展：coloursb’sopinion影响某人的观点，歪曲(完型常考点)come(came,come)vi.来，来到拓展：comeupwith提出；想出comeacross/runinto偶遇15(makesb’sdream)cometrue实现cometobelieve/understand/know逐渐……cometooffice就职comeintobeing形成comedownto归结于comeintoplay起作用comfortn.安慰；慰问liveincomfort生活安逸comfortablea.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的拓展：live/leadacomfortablelife=livecomfortablycommitv.犯（罪，错），自杀；保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）；承诺拓展：commitmurder/suicidecommitsb/yourselftosth/doingcommitacrime犯罪commitmentn.承诺,允诺,承担committedadj.忠诚的(loyal)，坚定的拓展：becommitted/dedicated/devotedto(doing)sth.献身于，致力于commona.普通，一般；共有的commonsense常识拓展：commonpractice惯例havemuch/alot/little/nothingincommonhavesth.incommon(with)incommonwith…和……一样comparevt.比较，对照comparisonn.比较，对照；[语]比喻；比较级compare…to…把…比作…拓展：compare…with…把…和…比较comparedwith/to(作状语)与…相比例句：Comparedwith/tootherpeople,heisfortunate.compensatev.补偿，弥补(makeupfor)拓展：compensate(sb.)forsth.competevi.比赛，竞赛competitionn.比赛，竞赛拓展：competewith/againstsb.competencen.能力,胜任,管辖权competitorn.竞赛者，比赛者competent和competitive区别competitive是指有竞争力的而competent是指能胜任的,称职的completea.完整的vt.完成，结束completelyadv.完全地，彻底地拓展：acompletestory完整的故事complete/finishtheproject16becompletelydestroyed彻底毁坏compromisev.妥协,折中,让步(助记：com+promise)拓展：makeacompromisewithbycompromisereach/cometo/arriveat/workoutacompromise达成一致compulsorya.强制的,必须做的拓展：compulsoryeducation/schooling/coursescompulsorypurchase强制性购买concentrate(on)v.聚精会神concentrationn.拓展：concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.集中…做…Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.concernv./n.涉及，关心showa/noconcernabout拓展：Whatconcernsmeisourlackofpreparationforthechange.让某人担忧beconcernedwith与…有关beconcernedabout关心，挂念asfarassb.isconcerned就…而言concerningprep.关系到，涉及例句：Heaskedmeseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.concludev.完成，结束conclusionn.结论；结束拓展：concludesth.fromsth.Whatdoyouconcludefromthat?draw/reach/cometoaconclusion得出结论jumpaconclusion妄下结论(有相关阅读)inconclusion总之,最后Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankyou.conditionn.条件，状况(unconditionallove无条件的爱)拓展：ingood/excellent/bad/poorcondition处于良好/极佳/糟糕的状况livingconditions生活条件onconditionthat(连词)如果；条件是例句：Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthat(onlyif)wereturneditbeforetheweekend.17condemnv.谴责，指责，宣判；宣告……有罪(与to连用)拓展：becondemned/sentencedto…conductvt.引导，带领conductorn.管理人；（车上的）售票员拓展：conductanexperiment实施，执行conductaconcert指挥conductelectricity导电conductoneself举止，（行为）表现；为人；做人confidenta.自信的confidencen.自信gain/loseconfidence向某人吐露内心秘密拓展：beconfidentabout/ofsth.takesb.intoyourconfidenceconfidentiala.机密的，保密的confusev.使迷惑，混淆confusionn.拓展：confuseAwith/andBcongratulatev.祝贺例句：Becarefulnottoconfusequalitywithquantity.n.祝贺，庆贺congratulation拓展：Congratulationstoyou!祝贺名词常用复数congratulatesb.onsth.祝贺某人在某方面……connectv.连接，把…联系起来connectionn.连接物;接触,联系拓展：connectAto/with/andB使连接，联结connectsb./sth.(withsb./sth.)beconnectedwith与…有联系/关联Theoryiscloselyconnectedwithpractice.Holdon,please,I’mtryingtoconnectyou.为某人接通电话inconnectionwithsb./sth.与…有关consciencen.良心，良知，内疚助记：con+science搞科技要有良心，这样记就好记了consequencen.结果，后果inconsequenceinconsequenceof结果由于拓展：asaconsequence/resultasaconsequence/resultof18considervt.考虑considerationconsidering/regarding/withrespectton.考虑；关心consideratea.体贴的prep.考虑到，就…而论，关于，至于拓展：consider(doing)sth.考虑例句：Weareconsideringbuyinganewcar.Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.considersb./sth.(as/tobe)sth.认为例句：Thisawardisconsidered(tobe)agreathonor.allthingsconsidered从各方面看来，总而言之takesth.intoconsideration/account考虑到consultv.咨询，商量与某人商量查阅，查询consultantn.顾问拓展：咨询，请教consultsb.(about)sth.consult(with)sb.about/onsth.consultadictionaryconsumev.消耗，耗费（燃料，能量，时间等）拓展：consumer/customer消费者consumptionculture消费文化(有相关阅读)constructv.构筑；建造，建设constructionn.建造,建设,建筑物拓展：beunderconstruction正在修建中constructatheory创建contenta.甘愿的,满意的n.内容拓展：becontentwith/about满足(besatisfiedwith)becontenttodo甘愿做某事thecontentofthearticle文章内容readthecontentsofthebook读目录contributev.贡献contributionn.贡献拓展：contribute(sth.)(to/towardssth./sb.)捐献，捐赠(donate)Wecontributed5000yuantotheearthquakefund.contributeto导致，有助于Smokingcontributestolungcancer.contribute(sth.)(tosth.)撰稿，在会议或会谈期间讲话，发表意见Shecontributed(anumberofarticles)tothemagazine.19Wehopeeveryonewillcontributetothediscussion.makeacontributiontosth.对…做贡献conveniencen.便利convenienta.便利的，方便的forone’sconvenience拓展：atone’sconvenienceconvincev.使确信，使信服convincedadj.拓展：convincesb./yourselfofsth.beconvincedof/thatconvincesb.todoIhavebeentryingtoconvincehimtoseeadoctor.cornern.角；角落；拐角拓展：drive/forcesb.intoacorner把某人逼入困境round/aroundthecorner很近，在附近correctv.改正；纠正a.正确的，对的；恰当的拓展：makeacorrectdecisioncorrectionn.改正cost(cost,cost)v.值（钱），花费n.价格拓展：shesavedhimfromthefirebutatthecostofherownlife.以……为代价atallcosts不惜任何代价livingcost生活费物costsb.somemoney人payforbill/dinnercountvt.数，点数；重要拓展：Everypointinthisgamecounts/matters.countdown倒计时count/depend/rely/restonsb./sth.依赖countern.柜台，结账处v.逆向移动，对着干；反驳，反击拓展：counterstrike联机对战，反恐精英couragen.勇气；胆略拓展：getup/raise/gather/pickup/collectcourage鼓足勇气losecourage20cover
n.盖子；罩；（保险公司的）保险；封面v.覆盖，遮盖；掩盖；报道，采访，涉及拓展：becoveredwithDon’tjudgeabookbyitscover=Don’tjudgesb.bysb’sappearance/looking不要以貌取人(有相关阅读)creditn.信用；信赖；信誉creditablea.值得称赞的；可信任的拓展：oncreditcreditcardcredible赊购，赊欠(完型常考点)信用卡threecredits三个学分toone’scredit值得赞扬，使受尊重a.可信的，可靠的incrediblea.不可思议的；难以置信的crossa.脾气不好的，易怒的n.十字形的东西vt.越过；穿过拓展：crossthemountains翻过高山Shesatwithherlegscrossed.翘着二郎腿Iwascrosswithhimforbeinglate.生气acrossprep.runacrosstheroadcupboardn.碗柜；橱柜拓展：keeptheskeletonsinthecupboard/closet家丑不可外扬curiousa.好奇的；奇异的curiosityn.好奇拓展：becuriousabout…becurioustodo…holdsb’scuriosity保持某人的好奇customn.习惯，习俗，风俗习惯customsn.海关，关税拓展：follow/observethecustoms遵守风俗习惯Ddamagen.&vt.毁坏，损害拓展：damage指部分\"损坏\"、\"损害\"、\"破坏\"或指使用价值有所降低。Thestormdid/causedgreatdamagetothecountry.destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作\"破坏\"、\"毁灭\"解,也可指希望、计划等打破。21dangern.危险dangerousa.危险的拓展：in/outofdanger在危险中/脱离危险dawnn.黎明，拂晓duskn.黄昏拓展：Theystartworkatdawn.拂晓时Heworksfromdawntilldusk.dayn.（一）天，（一）日；白天拓展：dayafter/byday日复一日地dayinanddayout日夜不停地,夜以继日地deada.死的；无生命的deathn.死die(died,died.dying)v.死拓展：deadlyadj.极端的，非常的，致命的adv.极其，非常deadlyenemies不共戴天的敌人deadlyserious/dull十分认真sentencesb.todeath判死刑Theseedlingwasfrozentodeath.幼苗被冻死了。She'sboredtodeaththesedays.这几天她厌烦的要死。deadlinen.最后期限，截止日期dealn.量，数额；交易v.处理(dealt,dealt)拓展:Sheisusedtodealing/copingwith/handleallkindsofpeopleinherjob.agood/greatdealofItisadeal.就这么办吧！debtn.债务；欠款beindebt欠债拓展：payoff/clear/repaythedebtsgo/get/run/slipintodebt陷入债务之中declarev.声明；断言拓展：declarefor声明支持declareagainst声明反对declinev.减少,下降,衰退,谢绝拓展：Thenumberoftouristsdeclinedby10%.Iofferedtogivethemaliftbuttheydeclinedwiththanks.22decoratevt.装饰…，修饰…decorationn.装饰，修饰；奖章拓展：decorateAwithB装点，布置decoratesb.forbravery因为勇敢授予奖章decreasev.减少，减小，降低decrease(sth.)by10%拓展：decrease(sth.)to1000deepa.深ad.深；深厚拓展：deeplymoved/toucheddeeplyad.深深地depthn.深度；深奥deppen(v.)reform深化改革defeatvt.击败；战胜拓展：anarrowdefeat惜败aheavydefeat惨败degreen.程度；度数；学位拓展：Waterfreezesatzerodegree.Iagreewithyoutoacertain/somedegree.在某种程度上Hehasamaster’sdegreefromHarvard.delightn.快乐；乐事delighteda.高兴的，快乐的拓展：delightinsth./doingsth.bedelightedtodo/that/by/at/withtake(a)delightin(以…)为乐，喜欢delivervt.投递（信件，邮包等）拓展：deliverababydeliveralecture/speech做一个演讲Doyouhaveyourmilkdelivered?demandvt.要求拓展：meet/satisfyone’sdemandssupplyanddemand供需Goodsecretariesarealwaysindemand.describevt.描写，叙述descriptionn.描述，描写拓展：abrief/generaldescriptionbeyonddescription难以形容23designn.&vt.设计，策划图案，图样，样式拓展：bedesignedforbedesignedtododesirevt.&n.要求；期望拓展：astrongdesireforpowerdesirableadj.令人满意的;值得拥有的desperatea.（因绝望而）不惜冒险的，不顾一切的，拼命的拓展：desperatestruggle绝望的挣扎desperationn.绝望的;不顾一切拼命desperately(完型常考点)adv.绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地
determinevt.决定；决心determinationn.决心拓展：determinetodobedeterminedtodoHefoughttheillnesswithcourageanddetermination.adeterminedlook一个坚定的眼神/表情devotevt.把…奉献,把…专用（于）devotionn.奉献，奉献精神拓展：bedevoted/dedicatedtosth./doingsth.=contributetodevoteoneself/one’stime/one’senergytosth./doingsth.one’sdevotiontohisjobdevelopv.（使）发展/发达；开发；疾病开始侵袭developmentn.发展，发达，发育，开发拓展：Ihadthefilmdeveloped.Hersondevelopedasthmawhenhewastwo.developahabit/cold培养一个习惯/感冒developed/developingcountry发达/发展中国家withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyvt.冲洗（照片）
dictionaryn.词典，字典拓展：lookupsth.inadictionary或consult(referto)adictionary24dietn.饮食拓展：go/beonadiet节食，吃规定的饮食Nosugarforme,please.Iwentonadiet.balanced/healthydiet均衡的/健康的饮食differv.相异，有区别differencen.不同，区别differenta.不同的，有差异的拓展：AbedifferentfromBinsth.tellthedifferencebetweenAandBinsth.makea/no/some/muchdifferencetosb./sth.对某人或某事(不)起(有一些)作用，有(没有)(有一些)影响culture/culturaldifference/shock文化差异/冲击(有相关阅读)difficulta.难；艰难；不易相处difficultyn.困难，费力拓展：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.dimensionn.量度，尺寸，面积，程度，范围拓展：3D是three-dimensional的缩写,即三维图形(有相关阅读)directa.直接的；直截了当的directionn.方向；方位vt.指导；管理；指挥（演奏）；导演（电影）
拓展：inalldirections朝四面八方undersb’sdirection在……指导下directorn.所长，，主任；董事；导演disadvantagen.不利条件；弱点advantagesanddisadvantages拓展：takeadvantageof利用…；占某人的便宜haveanadvantageover优于…agreev.同意；应允agreementn.同意，一致；协定，协议
disagreevi.意见不一致，持不同意见disagreementn.意见不一致；争论拓展：disagreewithwhatsb.saiddisagreeon/aboutsth.就某事达成一致意见sth.disagreewithsb.食物天气等使某人身体不适25disappointvt.使失望disappointmentn.失望；沮丧disappointingnewsbedisappointedtosee/hear/find拓展：adisappointedexpressionbedisappointedwithsb.beadisappointmenttosb.discouragevt.（使）气馁；打消（做…的念头）n.沮丧；使人泄气的事物；阻止；劝阻拓展：discouragesbfromdoingsth.discouragementdiscriminationn.歧视拓展：racialdiscrimination/bias/prejudice种族歧视/偏见(有相关阅读)discussvt.讨论，议论discussionn.讨论，辩论underdiscussionhave/holdadiscussion拓展：discusssthwithsb.dismissvt.让……离开；遣散；解散；解雇拓展：dismisssb.forsth.解雇dismisssb.fromthepostTheteacherwilldismisstheclassearlytodaybecauseofthesnow.打发走distancen.距离distanta.远的，遥远的distant/closerelatives远/近亲拓展：inthedistance在远处distinctionn.差别,区别,优秀,卓越拓展：make/drawadistinction区别对待thedistinctionbetweenAandBhavethedistinctionofdoingsth.有荣誉殊荣做某事distinguishv.区分，辨别，分清拓展：distinguishbetweenAandB=distinguishAfromBdistinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的diversev.不同的，多种多样，形形色色的
26diversityn.多样化，（人在种族、民族、宗教等方面的）多样性;差异;分歧拓展：speciesdiversity物种多样性dividevt.分，划分divisionn.（算术用语）除Ninedividedbythreeisthree.拓展：dividesth.into把…..分成…..份divorcev./n.离婚getdivorceddivorcerate离婚率拓展：getadivorcedonatev.捐赠,捐献donationn.makeadonationto拓展：donatesth.tosb./sth.organdonationdoublea.两倍.双的n.两个.双拓展：get/gaindouble(twice)theresultswithhalftheeffort事半功倍：形容做事的方法,费力小,收效大。get/gainhalftheresultswithdouble(twice)theeffort事倍功半：形容做事的方法,费力大,收效小。doubtn.&v.怀疑，疑惑拓展：Ineverdoubtedthatshewouldcome.Idoubtedwhether/ifshewouldcome.without/beyonddoubt毫无疑问thereisnodoubtaboutsth.draw(drew,drawn)v.绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取（金钱）draw/attractsb’sattentiontosth.Christmasisdrawingnear.接近拓展：drawthecurtainsdraw/makeaconclusion得出结论drawern.抽屉drawingn.图画，素描,绘画drinkn.饮料；喝酒(drank,drunk)v.喝，饮拓展：Let’sdrinktothefriendshipbetweenus.为……干杯drunkdriving=drivingafterdrinking酒后驾车drunk喝醉的drunken喝醉了的(常作定语，修饰名词)27drive(drove,driven)v.驾驶，开（车）；驱赶拓展：driveacar/taxidrivesb.maddrive/pushsb.todosth.n.有动力(motivation),冲力,干劲,雄心(完型常考点)dropn.滴v.掉下.落下.投递.放弃拓展：Thepriceofsugarwilldropsoon.drop/fallbehind落在后面dropinonsb./at地点顺便拜访某人/某地dropoff下降，减退；睡着了，打盹dropoutofsth.从…..退出，不再参加…Hedroppedoutofpolitics/school.adropofwater一滴水drownvi.溺死；淹没拓展：adrowningman/adrownedman一个溺水(已经淹死)的人Thenoiseofthetraindrownedhisvoice.dream(dreamt,dreamt或--ed,--ed)拓展：dreamof/about+n./doingmakeone’sdreamcometruen.&vt.梦，梦想dreamagooddream做一个好梦realize/fulfillone’sdream实现梦想duea.预期的；约定的拓展：Thehomeworkisdue.到期了/该交了beduetosb./sth.因为，由于Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.beduetodo预期干某事Thenexttrainisduetoarriveinfiveminutes.Eeacha.&pron.每人,每个,每件拓展：eachother互相，彼此eachother指两者，oneanother指三者或三者以上eagera.渴望的，热切的拓展：beeagertodo/forsth.bekeenonyearnforlongforbethirstforbedyingfor/todo28earn.耳朵.耳状物；听力，听觉拓展：turnadeafeartosth.置若罔闻，装没听到earnvt.挣得，赚得拓展：earn/makealiving/earnone’sliving谋生Sheearns/winstherespectofherstudents.赢得earthn.地球；土，泥；大地拓展：Whyonearthdidn'tyoutellmethetruth?你究竟/到底为什么不跟我说实话?ontheearth在地球上earthquaken.地震easev.减轻；缓解（难度或严重程度）(easeone’sburden减负)easya.容易的，不费力的easilyad.容易地拓展：Easiersaidthandone说时容易做时难Takeiteasy别急，放松easy--goinga.随和的(accessible和蔼的，易接近的，易相处的)eat(ate,eaten)v.吃拓展：Don'tboasttoomuch．Youwillbeforcedtoeatyourwordsoneday．不要吹得太厉害，总有一天你不得不收回你说的话。Ieattheirwords.我食言了。edgen.边缘拓展：ontheedgeof在……的边缘theedgeofextinction濒临灭绝ontheedgeofbankruptcy处于破产的边缘educatevt.教育，培养educationn.教育，培养educatorn.教育家拓展：receiveagoodeducation受良好的教育higheducation高等教育(有相关阅读)effectn.效果；作拓展：causeandeffect因果bring/putsth.intoeffect使生效comeintoeffect生效takeeffect开始起作用，见效havea…effect/influenceonsb./sth.对某人、某物有….影响affectv.Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehavior?Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehavior?29affectionn.喜爱，慈爱；情感或感情effortn.努力，艰难的尝试拓展：makeaneffort/makeeveryeffort/makeefforts做出努力sparenoeffort(s)intodoingsth./todosth.不遗余力eithera二者之一conj.二者之一；要么…ad.(用于否定句或短语后)也拓展：either…or…两者之一neither…nor…两者都不electvt.（投票）选举n.electionrunforelection参加竞选拓展：win/loseaelectionelectrica.电的
electricityn.电；电流electricalelectronica.电的；电器的a.电子的拓展：electriccurrent电流electricshock电击electroniccommerce电子商务(有相关阅读)e-mail电子邮件encouragevt.鼓励encouragementn.鼓励拓展：encourage/inspiresb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事助记：en+courage勇气discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事,劝阻某人不要做某事endn.末尾；终点；结束v.结束，终止endingn.结局；结尾，最后拓展：bringsthtoanendendupinfailurecometoanendputanendtosth.endupdoing/withintheend最后，终于(atlast,finally)attheendof+名词短语在……末端/尽头make(both)endsmeet收支平衡endlessa.无止境的；没完的enjoy(doing)vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢拓展：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeenjoyablea.愉快的；有趣的30enoughn.足够；充足a.足够；充分的ad.足够地；充分地拓展：oldenoughtogotoschoolThereareenoughchairsfortheguests.entervt.进入entrancen.入口；入场；进入的权利;入学许可拓展：enterfor…报名参加…enterthecompetitiontheentrancetothehallthecollegeentranceexamination大学入学考试/高考entertainmentn.娱乐助记：entertainvt.热情款待+mentenvironmentn.环境(有相关阅读)environmentallyfriendly拓展：protecttheenvironmentequala.平等的vt.等于，使等于equalityn.平等(有相关阅读)拓展：equal/set/hold/keeptheworldrecord平了/创造了/保持世界纪录equipvt.提供设备；装备；配备equipmentn.装备，设备拓展：equip…with…配备，用……武装equiponeselfwithknowledge用知识武装自己escapen.&vi.逃跑；逃脱拓展：escapefrom…逃离（地点）anarrowescape九死一生evenad.甚至，连（…都）；更拓展：much,alittle,even,abit后可以接形容词比较级everya.每一，每个的拓展：everyotherday=everysecondday=everytwodays每隔一天、每两天everyfewdays每隔几天31examplen.例子；榜样拓展：setanexampleto/forsb.takesth.forexampleforexample/instancefollowsb’sexampleexceptprep.除……之外(没了)例句：Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIneededthemoney.exchangen.交换，掉换；交流拓展：fairexchange公平的交换exchangegreetings(有相关完型)HegavemeabookandIgavehimapeninexchange.作为交换exchangeAforB=exchangeBwithAexcitev.使兴奋，使激动拓展：Weareexcitedtoheartheexcitingnews.inanexcitedvoiceexcusen.借口，辩解vt.原谅(forgive)，宽恕拓展：excuseoneselffrom婉拒，借口推托(有相关完型)exercisen.锻炼，做操；练习，习题vi.锻炼拓展：exerciseyourright/power行驶你的权力/利existvi.存在existencen.存在；生存；存在物beinexistence存在拓展：comeintoexistence开始存在，成立exitn.出口expandv.扩大(extend)，增加，扩展extensionn.扩大，延伸拓展：extended/nuclearfamily大/小家庭(有相关阅读)expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀：Ironexpandswhenitisheated.加热后铁会膨胀。extend指在一个方向上的延伸、加长：extendarailway将铁路延长extendv.给予32tosomeextent/degree从某种程度上说expectvt.预料；盼望；认为expectationn.预料；期望拓展：beyond(all)expectation(s)出乎意料contraryto(all)expectations和预料相反comeuptoone’sexpectations达到期望水平fallshortofone’sexpectations没达到期望liveuptoone’sexpectation符合不辜负某人的期待否定+liveuptoone’sexpectation辜负某人的期待excepteagerly/hopeone'schildrenwillhaveabrightfuture望女成凤/望子成龙Hopesforthedaughter/sontogrowupintoaphoenix/dragon.expressv.表达；表示；表情n.快车，特快专递expressionn.表达；词句；表示，说法；表情拓展：express/voiceone’sopinion表达某人的观点facialexpression面部表情eyen.眼睛keepaneyeonsb./sth.照看/留意拓展：haveaneyeforsth对…有鉴赏力catchone’seye吸引注意力Ffacen.脸；表面；方面(有相关完型)vt.面向；面对拓展：facethechallenges面对挑战befacedwith…面对，遇到faciala.面部用的raciala.种族的fadevi.褪色，（颜色）消退hersmile/laughter/voicefadedaway拓展：fadeaway(todisappeargradually)failv.失败；不及格；衰退failuren.失败powerfailure(blackout)停电Failureisthemotherofsuccess拓展：failtodosthMyeyesightfailed.falln.（美）秋季fall(fell,fallen)vi.落（下），降落；倒fallbehind拓展：fallill/asleep/silent33fallover被…绊倒；意外地从…上跌落fallintolove(with)sb.坠入爱河falsea.不正确的；假的faultn.缺点，毛病拓展：findfaultwithsb.=beparticularabout=becriticalof找茬，吹毛求疵fakev.伪造；篡改；对…做手脚；假装n.骗子；冒牌货，赝adj.假的，冒充的
far(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a.&ad.远的；远地拓展：farfrom离…远；远远不…Hisworkisfarfromsatisfactory.as/sofarasIcansee=Inmyopinion=Personally依我看….favor(美favor)n.恩惠；好意；帮助拓展：Couldyoudomeafavor?Weareallinfavoroftheplan.赞成(agree/approve)，偏向favorite(美favorite)a.喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人（或物）fulfillvt.履行（诺言等）；执行（命令等）；达到（目的）拓展：fulfillone’sdream/expectation实现梦想/满足期待feastn.盛宴，宴会，（宗教的）节日v.大吃大喝，享用美食；参加宴会；款待（某人），宴请（某人）拓展：feastyoureyes大饱眼福feed(fed,fed)vt.喂（养）；饲（养）拓展：befedupwith=betiredof厌烦feedon(动物)以…为食feel(felt,felt)v.&link感觉，觉得；摸，触拓展：feellikesth./doingsth.=wouldliketodosth./wanttodofeelingn.感情；感觉(afeeling/senseof一种……的感觉)futuren.将来拓展：inthe(near)futurepredictfutureuncertain/unpredictablefuture34figure
n.数字；图；图形；（人的）身型；人物；（绘画、雕刻）人物像vt.（美口语）认为，判断.（在心里）想像，描绘拓展：haveagoodfigure身材好figureoutaproblem算出一道题(有相关完型)Icouldn’tfigureoutwhohewas.我想不出他是谁。fillvt.填空，装满拓展：Filltheglasswithwater.befilledwith=befullofHereyessuddenlyfilledwithtears.fillintheblank/fillinthehole/fillupfilmn.电影；影片；胶卷拓展：developafilm洗照片vt.拍摄，把……拍成电影Everythingwascoveredinafilmofdust.一层灰尘find(found,found)vt.找到，发现，感到拓展：findout发现，查明Ifinditnecessarytohaveagoodmap.Whenshecameto,shefoundherselflyinginbed.Theteacherfoundherselfsurroundedbyherstudents.findingn.发现物；研究结果；调查（或研究）的结果fireworks/firecrackersn.焰火pasteNewYearpaintings贴年画儿getLuckymoney拿压岁钱jointheLanternFestival逛灯会guessLanternriddles猜灯谜春节习俗：tosetofffirecrackers;toshootofffirecrackers放鞭炮eatdumplings;eatstuffeddumplings吃饺子putonnewclothes穿新衣pasteSpringFestivalcouplets贴春联watchnight/stayuplateonNewYear'sEve守岁eatsweetdumplings吃汤圆fita.健康的,适合的v.（使）适合，安装keepfit/healthy拓展：befitfor/befittodo=besuitableforfitinto融入(有相关完型)fittingroom试衣间35fixvt.修理；安装；确定，决定拓展：Allthestudentsfixedtheireyesontheblackboard.(focuson)Thisisafixedphrase.flashn.闪；闪光；转瞬间flashlightn.手电拓展：Memoriesflashedthroughmymind.往事历历在目。aflashoflightning/inaflashflata.平的n.楼中一套房间；公寓(常用复数)拓展：flattyre轮胎没气了flattenv.变平fleshn.肉intheflesh亲自，本人拓展：yourown~andblood你自己的亲骨肉floorn.地面，地板.（楼房的）层拓展：takethefloor发言have/getthefloor取得发言权fly(flew,flown)
vi.（鸟、飞机）飞；（人乘飞机）飞行；（旗子等）飘动vt.空运（乘客，货物等）；放（风筝、飞机模型等）拓展：Howtimeflies.时间飞逝。Thedoorflewopen.门突然开了。flymydream放飞梦想focus(on)v./n.集中（注意力，精力）于，焦点，中心点拓展：focusoneseyes/attentiononsb./sth.=payattentiontofollowv.跟随；仿效；跟得上拓展：inthefollowingyearsfollowinga.接着的；以下的Theirrequirementsareasfollows.fooln.傻子，蠢人foolisha.愚蠢的，傻的All(April)Fools’Day愚人节拓展：makeafoolofsb.foolsbintodoingsth36foot(复feet)n.足，脚；英尺拓展：standonone’sownfeet自主,靠自己的力量来办事forprep.为了…；向…；与…交换；适合…；在…期间；对于…；对…来说
conj.因为，由于(dueto/becauseof)拓展：Wearefor/againstyourplan.我们赞成/反对你的计划。forbid(forbade,forbidden)vt.禁止(ban)，不许拓展：TheForbiddenCity/ThePalaceMuseum故宫forbidsb.fromdoingforbidsb.todoforcevt.强迫，迫使n.力；武力；（社会）势力；魄力拓展：forceasmile强颜欢笑;勉强一笑forcesb.todosth.forcesb.intodoingfunn.有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑funnya.有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的makefunofsb.拓展：Itisgreatfuntoswiminapoolinsummer.havefundoingjustforfunforget(forgot,forgotten)v.忘记；忘掉forgetandforgive(有相关阅读)拓展：forget/remember/regrettodosth./doingsth.Forgetaboutsth别再想…Forgetit.forgetfula.健忘的，不留心的unforgettablea.难忘的forgive(forgave,forgiven)vt.原谅，宽恕
fortunen.财产；运气fortunatea.幸运的；侥幸的makeone’sfortune发财；成功立业拓展：seekone’sfortune寻出路forwardad.将来.今后.向前，前进拓展：lookforwardto(doing)sth.期待move/stepforward前进foundationn.地基；基础；基金（会）；粉底；基础；基金（会）；建立拓展：layasolidfoundation打下坚实的基础37freea.自由，空闲的；免费的freedomn.自由atax-freeshop/asmoke-freeroom拓展：befreefrom/offree/sparetimefreeofcharge/forfree/freesb.from(of)freeze(froze,frozen)vi.结冰freezinga.冻结的；极冷的拓展：Waterfreezesatzerodegreescentigrade.Iamfreezing.我快冻僵了。Smilesfrozeonherface.笑容在她脸上僵住了。befrozen/freezetodeathfreezingcold/burninghotfresha.新鲜的(freshair/water/color/news)
refreshv.使恢复，使振作；使焕然一新，翻新；给（电池）充电扩展：refreshawebpage刷新页面refreshone’smind换换脑子，心旷神怡friendn.朋友friendlya.友好的拓展：makefriendswithsb.strengthenfriendship增进友谊friendshipn.友谊，友情befriendlytosb.对……友好functionn./v.作用,功能,运转Themachinefunctionswell.拓展：official~s聚会，集会Ggainvt.赢得；挣得拓展：gain/achieve/obtainknowledgeNopains,nogains.不劳无获；不经一事,不长一智；一分耕耘一分收获gatherv.聚集；采集拓展：gatherbreath/gather/raise/getupcourage/gatherstrengthShegatheredacrowedaroundher.Acrowedofpeoplegatheredaroundher.generala.大体，笼统的，总的拓展：ingeneraladv.通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说generalist通才specialist专才(有相关阅读)generalizationn.一般化；普通化；归纳；概论；一概而论(有相关阅读)generallyspeaking一般而言；概括地说38generationn.代，一代拓展：generationgap代沟(有相关阅读)generationbygeneration一代又一代get(got,got)vt.成为；得到；具有；到达拓展：getssb.todomake/have/letsb.doget/havesth.done.getit明白makeit成功get—togethern.聚会reunionn.重聚，（亲友等的）聚会giftn.赠品；礼物(present)拓展：haveagiftforgifted=talenteda.有天赋的；有才华的give(gave,given)vt.给,递给,付出,给予拓展：givingisreceiving(在英语写作中可以用到)Givingis(much)betterthangetting/receiving.施比受更有福graspv.抓住，紧握；理解，领会拓展：HegraspedwhatIsaid.Graspall,loseall贪多必失gratefula.感激的，感谢的拓展：begratefulfor/thatI’msogratefulforallyourhelp.Shewasgratefulthathehelpedhimalot.greet
vt.问候；向……致敬；greetingn.祝贺入（耳），触（目），扑（鼻）拓展：greetsb.withanod点头示意greettheNewYear迎接新年Asweetsmellgreetsthenose.香气扑鼻groundn.地面vt.在……的基础树立上；交给……基本知识拓展：holdone’sground坚持某人的立场guiltya.有罪,犯法的,做错事的befoundguilty39拓展：feel/beguiltyofguidev.指导,引导guidancen.拓展：conductinstructdirect上级命令下级Hhabitn.习惯，习性fall/getintothe(a)habitof拓展：form/developthe(a)habitofgetridofabadhabit改掉坏习惯handn.手；指针v.递；给；交付交上；交进handya.便利的，顺手的拓展：give/lendsb.ahand=dosb.afavorhandin上交fromhandtohand转手，传递ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…hang(hanged,hanged)v.处（人）绞刑；上吊hang(hung,hung)v.悬挂，吊着；把……吊起拓展：hangoutwithsb.与某人闲逛hardad努力地；使劲；猛烈地a.硬的；困难的；艰难的hardlyad.几乎不拓展：Hardlydoesshegohome.Hardlyhadhegothomewhenitbegantorain.hardshipn.困难拓展：bear/undergohardship忍受/遭受苦难harvestn.&vt.收割，收获（物）拓展：Aheavysnowpromisesagoodharvest.瑞雪兆丰年have(has,had,had)vt.有；吃；喝；进行；经受拓展：havesomething/nothingtodowith…与..有/没有关系40headn.头；头脑；才智；首脑；源头；标题
a.头部的；主要的；首席的v.率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向拓展：useyourhead/brain动动脑筋holdone’sheadhigh趾高气扬fromheadtofoot/toe从头到脚hitsb.onthehead击中某人的头headfor朝某处走去shake/nodhead摇/点头healthn.健康，卫生healthya.健康的，健壮的拓展：ingood/badhealthkeep/stayhealthy=keepfithealthy/balanceddiethear(heard,heard)v.听见；听说,得知拓展：hearabout/of听说hearfrom收到某人的来信hear/sesb.do/doing听到某人做了某事/听到某人正在做某事hearingn.听力hearingloss听力丧失(有相关阅读)heartn.心.心脏,纸牌中的红桃拓展：learnsth.byheart记住loseheart灰心,泄气loseone’shearttosb.倾心于某人heartandsoul全心全意fromthebottomofone’sheart由衷的heavya.重的heavilyad.重地，大量地拓展：aheavysmoker烟瘾极大的人heavyrain/traffic大雨/交通繁忙rainheavilyhelpn.&vt.帮助，帮忙helpfula.有帮助的，有益的拓展：helpsb.(to)do/withsth.helpsb.outof帮助..摆脱…can’thelpdoing禁不住做…cannothelpbutdo不得不做某事helponeselftosth.随便用…withone’shelp=withthehelpofsb.higha.高的;高度的ad.高地heightn.高，高度拓展：atahigh/lowpriceinhighspiritsinahighvoicethink/speakhighlyofhit(hit,hit)n.&vt.打,撞,击中n.受欢迎的/引起轰动的人或物拓展：Anearthquakehitthere.袭击41Anideahit/strike/occurtome.突然想起Heisarealhit.ahitsonghold(held,held)vt.拿；抱；握住；举行；进行拓展：catch/get/takeholdof抓住，拿着holdameeting举行会议holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸holdoffice/theposition任职holdtogether（使…）团结一致holdon别挂断；稍等，等着；坚持住，挺住holdback抑制，控制Shemanagedtoholdbackheranger/tears.Theplaneholdsabout300passengers.容纳holdmynose捏着鼻子holdmeinherarms她搂着我honour(美honor)n.荣誉，光荣vt.尊敬，给予荣誉拓展：inhonorof为了纪念向某人表达敬意It’sanhonorforsb.todosth.Iwashonoredtohavebeenmentionedinhisspeech.感到荣幸Iidean.主意,意见,打算,想法拓展：tryoutnewideashavenoideacomeupwithagoodideaItisagoodideato…ifconj.如果,假使,是否,是不是拓展：ifonly要是……该有多好呀(主要用在虚拟语气中)onlyif只有……(才)illa.有病的；不健康的illnessn.疾病拓展：speak/thinkillofsb.说某人的坏话immediatea.立即的，马上immediatelyad.立即takeimmediateaction拓展：animmediatereaction/response快速的反映/答复42impressvt.留下极深的印象impressionn.印象，感觉拓展：agood/badimpressionageneral/anoverallimpression总体/大致印象HistriptoIndiamakesastrongimpressiononhim.inprep.在…里(内)；在…；以…ad.在家，在内，向内拓展：inaword总之inothersword换言之inthat…因为Shewasluckyinthatshehadfriendstohelpher.inone’stwentiespaysth.incashinpencil/English/ink用铅笔/英语/墨水includevt.包含，包括inclusiveness包容(性)拓展：Beijingspirit北京精神：“爱国、创新、包容、厚德”Patriotism,innovation,inclusionandsocialmorals/virtueindustryn.工业，产业；勤劳(完型常考点)拓展：heavy/lightindustry重/轻工业industrialadj.introducev.引进，介绍introduction拓展：introducesb.tosb./oneselfincreasev.&n.增加，繁殖n.引进，介绍拓展：increaseto/by增加到/了increasinglyadv.越来越多的，不断增加的increasinglydifficult/important/popularinfluencen.&v.影响拓展：haveastrong/great…~on/uponsb./sth.informvt.告诉；通知informationn.信息(不可数名词)拓展：informsb.of/thatinformationdesk问讯处Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrejected.keepsb.informedofmakeinformeddecision做出明智的决定insistvi.坚持；坚决认为拓展：Themaninsistedthathe(should)besetfree.43insiston/persistin/stickto/adheretodoingsth.inspirevt.鼓舞；激励inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事拓展：inspire/encouragesb.todosth.instructvt.通知；指示；教instructionn.说明,须知;教导拓展：followone’sinstructionscarryout/ignoreone’s~sinsurancen.保险insurevt.给……保险拓展：assure强调向某人保证assuresb.thatassuresb.ofsth.ensuresth./that强调确保某事ironn.铁，熨斗vt.熨烫拓展：Strikewhiletheironishot.Striketheironwhileitishot.趁热打铁interestn.兴趣，趣味；利息interestinga.有趣的拓展：beinterestedinloseinterestinprotectcustomers’interests保护消费者的利益aplaceofinterest/placesofinterest景点(scenicspot/touristattraction)Jjamn.果酱；阻塞拓展：trafficjam交通堵塞(congestion)congestioncharge交通拥堵费joinv.参加,加入;连接;会合拓展：jointheparty/army参军/jointefforts共同的努力joinhandswithsb.握手(合伙，做夫妻)joken.笑话拓展：playajokeonsb.=makefunof=playatrickonsb.和某人开玩笑/捉弄某人Kkeep(kept,kept)v.保持；保存；继续不断vt.培育，饲养
44拓展：keep(on)doing一直做…Heisalwayskeeping(on)askingmethesamequestion.keepasecret/one’sword/arecordkeep/prevent/stopsb./sth.fromdoing阻止某人做某事keepupwith跟上keepawayfrom远离kindn.种;类a.善良,友好的kindnessn.仁慈；善良拓展：bekind/friendlytosb.对某人友好Itiskindofyou.你很好。akindof/allkindsofkindof稍微有点儿Thatmademefeelkindofstupid.knockn.&v.敲；打；击knockdown撞到/拆掉knockover撞翻拓展：knockat/onthedoor敲门know(knew,known)v.知道，了解；认识；懂得拓展：knowof/about了解beknown/famousfor/asgettoknowsb.逐渐了解…knowledgen.知识，学问knowledgeableadj.博学的，知识渊博的；有见识的haveagoodknowledgeof…拓展：Knowledgeispower.Llack(for)n.&vt.缺乏，缺少拓展：lackcourage/moneyalackofmoneybelackingin缺乏…forlackof…因为缺乏…lasta.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地n.最后v.持续拓展：thelastperson/thing最不可能的、最想不到的He’sthelastpersonI’dtrust.ThelastthingIwanttodoishomework.lastbutnotleast最后但是同样重要的是Thewarlasted(for)3years.45latea.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地lately=recentlyad.最近，不久前拓展：belatefor…inthelate1970sgetuplatelateintheafternoon傍晚betterlatethannever迟到总比不到好It’snevertoolatetomend亡羊补牢latera.晚些的，迟些的拓展：soonerorlaternolaterthan…不迟于Muchlateron后来,sherealizeswhathehadmeant.latesta.最近，最新的；最晚的lattern.（两者之中的）后者
laughn.&v.笑，大笑；嘲笑laughtern.笑；笑声拓展：laughatlaughyourheadoff大笑不止burstoutlaughing/burstintolaughterlawn.法律，法令；定律拓展：break/obey/keepthelawlawyern.律师bylaw依据法律lay(laid,laid)vt.放，搁拓展：lay/setthetable摆放桌子layeggs下蛋layaside把…放在一边laydown放下layoff解雇(laid-off下岗的)lie(lay,lain,lying)v.躺;卧;平放;位于n.&vi.谎言;说谎(lied-lied-lying)拓展：lietosb.vt.说谎tellalie/tellliesn.说谎lieonyourback/sidevi.平躺liein/on/tovi.位于;存在Thebooklayopenonthedesk.Therelies…Successliesinhardwork.在于…lead(led,led)v.领导，带领n.铅拓展：lead/liveahappylifeleadern.领袖，领导人leadingleadto导致a.最主要的，第一位的learn(learnt,learnt；--ed--ed)vt.学，学习，学会
46拓展：learnfrom从…中学习,向…学习learnabout/of听说得知learn…byheart记住learneda.有才华的；博学的(knowledgeable)leastn.最少，最少量拓展：at(the)least至少notintheleast一点儿也不Shedidn’thavetheleastideawhattodoaboutit.leave(left,left)v.离开;把…留下，剩下拓展：leavefor动身去某地leavethedooropenleaveherwaitingfor2hoursleavehimanorphan使他成为孤儿leavethekeyonthebus丢下leaveout遗漏leavebehind把…丢在后边leavealone不打扰leaveoff不包括,不把…列入askforatwo-weekleave假期askfor(a)leave请假lecturen.讲课，演讲(有相关阅读)give/deliveralecturetosb.on…拓展：attendalecturelefta.左边的ad.向左n.左,左边拓展：turnleft/turntotheleftthemoneyleft/theremainingmoneyleft-handeda.惯用左手的(有相关阅读)lend(lent,lent)vt.借(出),把…借给borrowv.（向别人）借用/借入；借拓展：lendahandtosb./lendsb.ahand=dosb.afavorlengthn.长，长度，段，节width宽height高拓展：atlength最后，终于/详细地less（little的比较级）a.&ad.少于,小于moreorless拓展：nolessthan…even/much/stillless更不用说Noexplanationwasoffered,stilllessanapology.47lessonn.课；功课；教训拓展：take/havelessons上课givelessons授课teach/givesb.alesson给某人一个教训draw/takealessonfrom…从…吸取教训let(let,let)vt.让拓展：letsb.(sth.)go\\letgoofsb.(sth.)放手…放弃...letalone不打扰/不碰/更不用说letoff使…爆炸letsb.down使失望let/makesb.dosth.life(复lives)n.生命；生涯；生活；人生；生物life-likeadj.逼真的拓展：lose/saveone’slifelaydownone’slifeforsb.为…牺牲生命everyday/dailylife日常生活；live/leada…lifebring…backtolife使…更有趣comebacktolife变得活跃,苏醒过来Lifeislikeaboxofchocolates.liftv.举起，抬起；（云、烟等）消散n.（英）电梯拓展：takethelift乘电梯givesb.alift让某人搭便车Passingtheexamgavehimareallift.他通过了考试，情绪好多了。liftone’seyes抬起眼睛liftup鼓舞Thenewsliftedourspirits.高兴起来light
n.光，光亮；灯，灯光vt.点（火），点燃（lighted-lighted/lit-lit）a.明亮的；轻的；浅色的拓展：bythelightofthemoonturnon/offthelightsthrowlighton/upon把…阐述清楚alight/soundsleeplightacandle；alightedcandle；lightuplightningn.闪电(aflashoflightning一道闪电)likeprep.像，跟…一样vt.喜欢，喜爱拓展：wouldlike(sb.)todo；Howdoyoulike…/Whatdoyouthinkof/about…feellikedoinglikelya.很可能的
48拓展：be~todo/thata~story好像真有这回似的limitvt.；减少(withoutlimit无限地)拓展：sb.devotedsb’slimitedlifetotheunlimitedworkofservingpeoplelinen.绳索，线，排，行，线路v.画线于，（使）成行拓展：online在线的，上网的；dropsbaline给…写封短信Thelineisbusy.电话占线。Holdtheline,please.别挂电话readbetweenthelines在字里行间寻找言外之意lineup排成一行；排队等候linkv.连接；联系拓展：toestablishtrade~swithAsia~Ato/withB~AandB(together)listn.一览表，清单拓展：makealistof…列一个…的清单；shoppinglistlistourtenfavoritesongs列举little(less,least)a.小的,少的ad.很少地,稍许n.没有多少,一点拓展：LittledidIknowabouthim.我一点也不了解他。livev.生活;居住;活着a.活的,活着的;实况,现场（直播）的livelya.活泼的;充满生气的livinga.活着的n.生计拓展：liveon以…为生livelifetothefullest充实地生活livewith与..住在一起；忍受adj./adv./laiv/活着的，现场直播livebydoing靠做…为生liveupto符合,不辜负livethrough经历过…而活着区分:alivefish;alivefootballmatch;broadcastliveliving/alive/live/livelyWhenIreachedthehospital,hewasalive.catchsb.alive活捉某人keepourculturealiveHeisthegreatestmusicianlivingintheworldalivelydiscussion/lecture49loadn.担子，货物vt.装载拓展：beartheloadofbringingupherfamilyaloneacarloadedwithgoodsup/download上传/下载longa.长的，远ad.长久拓展:longbefore很久以前HehadleftlongbeforeIarrivedhere.beforelong不久以后We’llcomebackbeforelong.inthelongrun/term从长远看nolonger/notanylonger/more不再aslongas只要Solong=Byebye再见longforsb./sth渴望Lucyhaslongedforabrother.longtodoI’mlongingtoseeyouagain.lookn.看，瞧；神情；外貌拓展:v.看，观看;看起来have/takeacloselookatlooklikeThatlookslikeaninterestingbook.lookasifItlooksasifitisgoingtorain.loosea.松散的；宽松的拓展:loosechange零钱tightadj.紧的，牢固的hang/stayloose保持镇定lossn.丧失；损耗lose(lost,lost)vt.失去，丢失；输；（钟表）走慢拓展:Lost&Found失物招领处belost/gone/missingalost/missingboylosethegame；loseweight；loseone’sway；loseoneselfin/belostinLostinthought,hedidn’tnoticeme.Thisclockloses/gains(走快)twominutesaday.beataloss不知所措suffermuch/greatlosswin(won,won)n.获胜，赢得winnern.获胜者lotn.许多，好些拓展:alotadv.很，非常Thanksalotalotof=lotsofparkinglot停车场I’mfeelingalotbetternow.修饰比较级50louda.大声的loudaloudloudlyadj.adv.adv.adv.loudlyad.大声地inaloudvoiceTomakeushearmoreclearly,theteacherspokelouder.readaloud.Don’treaditsilently.Shescreamedasloudlyasshecould.区分：loud/aloud/loudlylowa.&ad.低；矮
loweradj.较低的；下游的，下级的，下等的
v.（使）降低，（使）跌落；削弱；削减；减少；缩小拓展：lower/raiseone’shead低/抬头Mmada.发疯的；生气的bemadat/withsb.about因…和…生气拓展：drivesb.mad/crazymajora.较大的；主要的n.主修课程；专业课vi.主修拓展：Englishwasmymajor.Inotherwords,IwasanEnglishmajor.ImajoredinEnglish.majorityn.大多数(the/amajorityof)make(made,made)vt.制造,做;使得n.样式；制造拓展：makecoffee/tea煮咖啡/沏茶makethebed铺床makeyourselfheard/understand使你自己被听到/理解makesb.dosth.----sbbemadetodo使某人做某事makemoney/afortune/alivingmakeit获得成功;幸免于难,渡过难关;准时到达;能够出席到场makethemostof…充分利用(makegood/fulluseof)makeout辨别清楚;理解,明白makeup组成;编造;补偿(for);化妆;和好managev.管理；设法对付managern.经理拓展：managetodo=succeedindoing51marchn.，行进vt./vi.行军,行进onthemarch在行军中拓展：marchonWashingtonDC向华盛顿进军Marchn.3月marketn.市场，集市拓展：labor/fleamarket劳动力/跳蚤市场planning/marketeconomy计划/市场经济marriagen.结婚，婚姻(有相关阅读)marrieda.已婚的marryv.（使）成婚，结婚拓展：marrysb.娶/嫁给某人get/bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚；massn.众多;大量;（复）群众拓展：themasses群众massmedia大众传媒amassofcloud一朵云彩/massesofclouds朵朵云彩mastern．主人；能手；硕士学位vt.精通，掌握拓展：themasterofone’sownfuture自己未来的主人getone’smaster’sdegreemasteraforeignlanguagemasterhertemper脾气matchvt.使相配，使成对n.比赛，竞赛n.火柴拓展：strikeamatch划火柴aboxofmatches一盒火柴Thecurtainsandcarpetareagoodmatch.窗帘和地毯非常相配。materialn.材料，原料拓展：raw/reading/buildingmaterials/原阅读/建筑材料mattern要紧事，要紧,事情；问题vi要紧，有重大关系拓展：Itistheabilitytodothejobthatmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.What’sthematterwith…=What’swrongwith…tomakemattersworse=what’sworse更糟糕的是asamatteroffact52mean(meant,meant)vt.意思,意指adj.小气的,刻薄的bemeantosb.对某人刻薄mean(doing)sth.意味着,意思是…拓展：bemeanwithmoney花钱吝啬meantodo打算meaningn.意思，含意
meansn.方法，手段；财产拓展：bymeansof用，依靠；借助于bynomeans绝不，一点也不measurev.量takemeasures/actionstodo…采取措施haveamedicalexamination拓展：makesth.toone’smeasure量体裁衣medicala.医学的，医疗的medicinen.药拓展：take/havesomemedicine服药practicemedicine行医Goodmedicineisbetterinthemouth.良药苦口meet(met,met)vt./n.遇见，见到会；集会makeendsmeet收支相抵拓展：meetone’sneeds/demands满足某人的需求meet/realize/fulfillmydream实现梦想meetingn.会,集会,会见,汇合点memorialn.纪念馆memoryn.回忆，记忆memorizev.记忆inmemoryof…作为对…的纪念拓展：haveagood/badmemorybringbackmychildhoodmemoriesmentala.精神的；脑力的mentallyad.精神上；智力上拓展：physicalandmentalhealth身心健康=bodyandmindhealthmentionn提及；记载vt.提到(speakof)，说起；提名表扬拓展：nottomention…更不用说messn.凌乱messya.乱七八糟的
53拓展：inamess零乱，肮脏makeamess弄乱，弄脏methodn.方法，办法拓展：withthemethod=inthisway=bythemeans用这种方法mid-autumnn.中秋拓展：mooncakes月饼enjoyfullandbrightmoon赏月mightv.aux.(may的过去式，助动词)可能，也许，或许Thisholidayisn’tmuchfun;wemightaswellbebackhome.这个假日过得真没意思，我们还不如待在家里。拓展：might/mayaswell还不如，不妨mindn.思想,想法v.介意,关心拓展：makeupone’smindtodo…下定决心做changeone’smindtodo改变主意Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见，心不烦。keep/bear…inmind=remember记在心里have…onone’smind担心，挂念have…inmind记住某事sth.come/springtomind突然想起minddoing…介意，烦恼…Mindyoursteps!=watch=becarefulof…当心，注意Mindyourownbusiness!别管闲事Nevermind.没关系，无所谓—DoyoumindifIdo…/WouldyoumindifIdid…?…你介意吗？—Yes,butIdo/you’dbetternot.No,ofcoursenot/notatall.minuten.分钟;一会儿，瞬间拓展：theminute=assoonas一……就……Iwilltellhertheminute(that)shecomes.她一来我就告诉你。waitaminute=waitamoment等一下,稍等mirrorn.镜子
拓展：lookintothemirror照镜子Dickens’snovelsareamirrorofhistimes.写照missvt.失去，错过，缺adj.找不见的，失踪的拓展：bemissing/gone/lostMiss.n.小姐,女士(称呼未婚妇女)mushroomn.蘑菇拓展：bambooshootsafteraspringrainlikemushroomsafterrain雨后春笋mistake(mistook,mistaken)n.错误vt.弄错拓展：makeamistake犯错误bymistakemistakeAforB误将A当成B错误地mistakena.错误的mixv.混合，搅拌mixturen.混合物拓展：mixup弄错，弄乱；混合；把（某人）搞糊涂mixedfeelings混杂的感受mixeddoubles混合双打momentn.片刻，瞬间拓展：atthemoment现在，那时（正）forthemoment/present目前，暂时foramoment/afewmoments一会儿themoment=assoonas=immediately=directly=theminute一…就…more（much或many的比较级）a./ad.另外的；附加的；而且；更
n.更多的量；另外的一些拓展：moreorless或多或少，几乎at(the)most至多，不超过what’smore=besides=inaddition=moreover此外还有，更为重要的是multiplyvt.乘；使相乘拓展：multiplechoicemultipleadj.多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的multipletask多任务;多重任务(有相关阅读)mustmodalv.必须,应当;必定是n.必须的事
55拓展：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradeandmeetings.Nnamen.名字,姓名,名称vt.命名,名叫拓展：enjoyagoodname享有盛名namedafter以…命名namely=thatis…即，也就是说…inthenameof…以…的名义namehim(as)captain任命narrowa.狭窄的拓展：anarrowvictory险胜narrowescape九死一生，幸免于难Shehasaverynarrowviewoftheworld.狭隘的nativea.本土的，本国的拓展：nativelanguage=mothertongue母语necessarya.必需的，必要的Itisnecessarythat…(should)…拓展：Itisnecessaryforsb.todo…needn.需要,需求aux.&v.需要,必须拓展：sth.need(s)tobedone/doingThereisnoneedforsb.todo/havenoneedtodo…没有必要做…inneedof需要Iaminneedofsomefreshair.Noad.不,不是a.没有,无,不notad.不，没拓展：Thereisnouse/point(in)doingsth.做…是没有意义的No.(缩)=numbern.数字;号码normal拓展：n.&a.正常的（状态）normaltemperatureabove/belownormalreturntonormal/getbacktonormal恢复正常common常见的，共同的acommonmistake常见错误；commonsense常识；commonpractice习惯做法ordinary普通的(average)ordinary-looking相貌平平的56usual通常的nosen.鼻asusual和往常一样拓展：arunning/runnynose流鼻涕的鼻子blowone’snose擤鼻子noten.便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调
vt.记下，记录；注意，留意拓展：takenoteof注意，留意notebookn.笔记簿nothingn.没有东西,没有什么adv.一点也不；并不拓展：havenothingtodowith与…无关nothingbut=just仅仅，只不过Iwantnothingbutthebestformychildren.anythingbut绝不Thehotelwasanythingbutcheap.Thereisnothinginwhathesaid.不可靠，不真实Thereisnothingtoit.=It’sveryeasy.很容易noticen.布告，通告；注意vt.注意，注意到拓展：takenoticeof=payattentionto注意putupanoticeThebariscloseduntilfurthernotice.另行通知noticesb.do/doing公告，通知nowad.现在nowadaysad.当今，现在拓展：now(that)=since既然Itisnowornever.机不可失nowandthen=fromtimetotime不时地nowheread.任何地方都不,无处拓展：go/getnowhere/getsb.nowhere毫无进展NowhereintheworldotherthanBritaincanyouexperiencefourseasonsinasingleday.Oobjectiveadj.客观的n.目标，任务(subjectiveobjectn.物，物体；宾语
57adj.主观的)
拓展：everydayobjects日常物品herobjectinlife=aim目标objectton./doing…反对；不同意Manylocalpeopleobjectedtobuildingthenewairport.observev.观察，监视，观测拓展：observesb.dosth.观察某人做某事；observesb.doingsth.观察某人正在做某事observe/celebrateChristmasDay庆祝…observe/followthelaw遵守…obtainvt.获得；得到拓展：obtain/gain/achieveadvice/information/permission允许occupy拓展：v.居住；占有，占用(takeup)（时/空间）；占领occupationn.职业，工作Thehouseisoccupied.…有人住Thebathroomisoccupied.…有人用Manyanxietiesoccupiedhismind.occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于某事occurvi.发生拓展：sth.occurredto/hit/strucksb.出现在头脑中，被想到Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.offern.&vt.提供；建议(有相关阅读)拓展：Heoffered5000dollarsforthecar.出价offermyseattosb.让座offersb.sth./sth.tosb.主动给offertodo…提出做oncen.&ad.一次,一度,从前conj.一旦拓展：allatonce=suddenly突然atonce=rightaway立即(immediately)，同时Oncebitten,twiceshy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。oncemore=onceagain再一次onceuponatime从前，很久以前(every)onceinawhile偶尔，间或officen.办公室拓展：holdoffice占据要职inoffice/outofoffice任职/离职Thepresentgovernmenttookofficein1997.开始执政officern.军官;公务员,；，警官58officialn.（公司、团体或）,高级职员a.官方,的拓展：officialsponsor官方赞助商anofficialaffair公务theofficiallanguage官方语言onepron.一（个，只…）(pl.ones)num.一拓展：onebyone逐个的oneafteranother一个接一个oneanother相互oneselfpron.自己；自身拓展：ofoneself自动地foroneself亲自(all)byoneself独自talktooneself=thinkaloud自言自语enjoyoneself玩得开心Helpyourselftosomefish.随便吃onlya.惟一的，仅有的ad.仅仅，只，才拓展：Iamanonlychild.独生子notonly…but(also)…onlytodo…（意想不到的）结果...opena.开着的,开的vt.开,打开拓展：openyourmind/heart敞开心扉openern.开具，启子openingn.开放，口子拓展：Thereareseveralopeningsinthesalesdepartment.空缺的职位Themoviehasanexcitingopening.开始，开端HaveyouattendedtheopeningoftheOlympicGames?Openinghours/time营业时间hisopeningremarks他的开场白operatev.做手术，运转；实施，负责,经营，管理operationn.手术，操作拓展：operateonapatient给病人手术inoperation工作中Thenewruleswillcomeintooperationfromnextweek.开始工作，生效putsth.intooperation/practice实施operatorn.接线员opinionn.看法，见解拓展：inmyopinionexpress/voiceone’sopinion表达观点59opposevt.反对；反抗拓展：oppose(doing)sth.asopposedto相对于beopposedtosth./doingsth.oppositen.相反，对面a.相反的，对面的拓展：havetheoppositeopinion持相反的观点optimistica.乐观的pessimistica.悲观的拓展：takeanoptimisticview抱有乐观的想法beoptimisticabout…optionn.选择（的自由）optionala.可选择的，选修的拓展：Ihavenooption/choicebuttodosth.别无选择只得……orconj.或；就是；否则拓展：or=orelse=otherwise否则orso大约whether…or/ornot…无论…还是（不）…ordern.顺序vt.定购，定货；点菜拓展：in/outoforder有序/有毛病inorderoftime按时间顺序ordersb.todosth.命令，指挥orderthat…(should)…命令inordertodo…/that…为了keepsth.inorder使某事物(进行得)井然有序/井井有条placeanorderfor订购MayItakeyourorder?点菜otherpron.别人，别的东西a.别的,另外的拓展：otherthan/except(for)/besides除了We’regoingawayinJunebutotherthanthatIwillbehereallsummer.theotherday/week前几天，前几周oneis…theotheris…some…others…otherwisead.要不然,否则,另样拓展：butfor，without，otherwise引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句60outsiden.外面ad.在外面；向外面prep.在…外面拓展：outsider外行insider内行overprep.在…上方,越过,遍及ad.翻倒,遍布,越过,结束拓展：takeover接管getover克服(all)overagain重新overandoveragain反复地over=morethan超过overcomev.克服，解决拓展：overcomefinancialproblems/abadhabit/difficultiesowevt.欠（债等）拓展：owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.owe…to…把…归功于…欠某人…owingto=becauseof=duetoPpackn.包,捆;（猎犬、野兽的）一群v.(为运输或储存而)打包拓展：apackofcigarettes/clothesapackofthieves一伙盗贼packsth.away收拾起来放好packsth.(up)将…包/捆起来packsth./sb.intosth.使…挤进…Theroomwaspackedwithpeople.Theypackedintoatinycar.packagen.（尤指包装好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒packetn.小包裹，袋
painn.疼痛，疼painsn.苦功，大力气painfula.使痛的，使痛苦的拓展：Hisneckisinpain.pleasuresandpains苦与乐Hehasabadpaininhisleftfoot.Nopains,nogains.不劳不获。palea.苍白的，灰白的拓展：gopale苍白了(强调变化的过程)getpale…苍白了(强调程已经苍白了)panica./v.惊慌,恐慌,惶恐不安拓展：There’snopanic.Theywereinastateofpanic.惊惶失措There’snopointgettingintopanicabouttheexams.61papern.(u不可数)/(c可数)纸；报纸；论文；试卷gothroughthepapers拓展：asheet/pieceofpaperpart
n.部分；成分；角色；部件；零件a.局部的；部分的v.分离；分开；分割拓展：play/actapartinapart/full-timejobHetriedtopartthetwomenwhowerefighting.Theytwopartedatthegate.participate(in)v.参加，参与participantn.参与者participationn.参与patiencen.容忍；耐心patientn.病人拓展：have(no)patiencewithsb.(不)能宽恕bepatientwithloseone’spatiencewithsb.beoutofpatiencewithsb.对某人失去耐心particulara.特殊的，个别的拓展：inparticular特别，尤其Hestressedthepointinparticular.Wemustpayparticularattentiontothepoint.Thenurseaskedmeformyparticulars.个人资料partlyad.部分地,在一定程度上Ididn’tenjoythetripverymuch,partlybecauseoftheweather.Hewasonlypartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.拓展：Theroadispartlyfinished.passvt.传，递；经过；通过passby经/路过passer(s)-by过路人；经过者拓展：passaway去世passinggrade及格分数pastad.过n.过去，昔日，往事adv.经过prep.过…，走过某处拓展：apastpresident前任总统inthepastrun/walkpastHeispastsixty.pay(for)(paid,paid)v.付钱，给…报酬n.工资
62拓展：payoffgetpaidpaybackpayavisittopayattentiontoTheworkersgetpaidbythemonth.peacen.和平peacefula.和平的，安宁的拓展：inpeace平静的(地);安静的(地)atpeace处于和平(或和睦)状态peaceofmind内心的宁静；神安气定peoplen.人，人们；人民拓展：peopleofallwalksoflife各界人士TheChineseareahard–workingpeople.Helivedforthepeopleanddiedforthepeople.people表示“人民”时,people前要加“the”;表示民族时,有复数形式peoplesperprep.每，每一percentn.百分之……percentagen.百分率拓展：50percentoftheapplesareeaten.50percentoftheappleiseaten.50percentofthewaterisdrunk.Thepercentageof+sth.isapercentageof80%=80percentperfecta.完美的，极好的拓展：Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧Nooneisperfect.人无完人performv.表演，履行；行动拓展：Sheperformsanimportantrole/partinourorganization.performanexperiment做实验performaceremony举行仪式performafunction起作用，发挥功能performastudy进行研究performatask完成任务performananalysis作分析performanoperation给…动手术performancen.演出，表演performern.表演者，执行者permissionn.允许,许可,同意permitvt.许可,允许;执照n.许可证拓展：ask/request/applyforpermission申请许可63get/obtain/receivepermission获得批准with/withoutone’spermission（未）经某人许可permitsth./doingsth.permitsb.todopersonala.个人的，私人的personallyad.就自己而言personneln.全体人员拓展：one'spersonalview/opinion个人观点forpersonaluse供个人使用personalpossessions/property/belongings私人物品/财产/所有物personalexperience亲身经历persuadevt.说服，劝说拓展：persuade/convincesb.tosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoing.Ipersuaded/convincedhimofthetruth.=Ipersuadedhimthatitwastrue.使相信Iampersuadedofhisinnocence.=Iampersuadedthatheisinnocent.physicala.身体的；物理的拓展：physicaleducation体育physicaltraining身体训练aphysicalexamination体检physicallabor体力劳动thephysical/spiritualworld物质/精神世界aphysicalchange物理变化physiciann.(有行医执照的)医生physicistn.物理学家physicsn.物理（学）
pickv.拾起，采集；挑选拓展：pickonsb.找某人的茬儿/难某人pickout选出，辨认出ShesoonpickedupsomeFrenchwhileshewasstayinginParis.学会MyradiocanpickupVOAveryclearly.收听Hepickedupmanybadhabitswhileinprison.养成Atthenextcorner,thebusstoppedandpickedupthreemorepeople.接某人Herhealthsoonpickedupafterafewdays’rest.恢复Hepicksupabook.捡起pinn.别针v.别住,钉住拓展：adiamondpin一枚钻石胸针rollingpin擀面棍/杖Amessagehadbeenpinnedtothenoticeboard.布告牌/公告栏pityn.怜悯，同情拓展：Whatapity!outofpity出于同情placen.地方，处所v.放置，安置，安排拓展：placeimportanceonsb./sth.重视…fallintoplace适得其所,处于适当的位置feeloutofplace感到如鱼出水,很不自在,局促不安plann.&v.计划，打算拓展：plantodosth.planforthefuturemakeaplanforpleasev.请,使人高兴,使人满意拓展：bepleased/satisfiedwithsb.pleaseda.高兴的pleasesb.取悦某人apleasantsurprisepointv.指，指向n.点；分数拓展：theboiling/freezingpointone’sstrongpointsandweakpointsHereachedapointinhiscareerwheresheneededtodecidewhattodo.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.这样做毫无意义。pointto/at/outoffthepoint离题tothepoint切题polishv.擦亮,润色n.擦光剂,亮光剂拓展：apple-polishv.拍马屁，奉承，讨好applepolisher马屁精poora.贫穷；可怜；不好的,差的拓展：bepoor/richinnaturalresourcesapoormemorybepoorinhealthpopulara.流行,大众,受欢迎的拓展：Thebookispopularwithchildren.受某人欢迎Theysellthecomputersatpopularprices.廉价/大众化的价位populationn.人口，人数拓展：havealarge/smallpopulation人口多/少65Thepopulationofthecityisincreasing.Seventypercentofthepopulationareworkers.haveapopulationof数字…有……人口positionn.位置拓展：fillaposition填补…职位landaposition找到/获得一个职位possessvt.占有；拥有possessionn.所有，拥有；财产，所有物拓展：Hewaschargedwithpossessingashotgunwithoutalicense.被控告拥有……Onhisfather’sdeath,shecameintopossessionofavastfortune.拥有takepossessionofpersonalpossessions个人财产Tomisinpossessionofthehouse.=ThehouseisinthepossessionofTom.possibilityn.可能，可能性possiblea.可能的possiblyad.可能地，也许拓展：as形容词/副词aspossible尽可能…if(itis)possible如果可能Pleasewritetomeassoonaspossible.I’llgowithyouifpossible.potentiala.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能拓展：potentialdangers/customers/market潜在的危险/客户/市场digpotentialdemand挖掘潜在的市场需求pourvi.倾泻，不断流出拓展：Therainispouringdown.Reportsofsuccesseskeeppouringin.捷报频传Thestudentspouredoutof/intothedinninghall.涌入/涌出powdern.粉，粉末
powern.力，动力，电力powerfula.效力大的，强有力的，强大的拓展：beyondone’spower超出能力范围inpower执政powerstation发电站comeintopower/office上台执政,就职/上任powerfailure停电66practicala.实际的，适用的(practicalskills)practicen.练习
practise(美practise)v.练习,实践拓展：accordingtotheinternationalpractice根据国际惯例Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧practisemedicine/law行医/当律师practisedoingsth.commonpractice惯例prayv.祈祷；祈求prayern.祈祷blessvt.祝福；保佑；为…祈福拓展：Theykneltdownandprayed.WeareprayingforgoodweatheronSaturday.predictv.预言，预告，预报unpredictableadj.无法预言的；不可预测的拓展：Nobodycanpredicttheoutcome/future.Itisimpossibletopredictwhatwillhappen.prefervt.宁愿（选择）,更喜欢preferencen.选择，趋向拓展：prefertodoprefertodoratherthandoprefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.Manypeopleexpressedastrongpreferencefortheoriginalplan.give(a)preferencetosb/sth给….以优惠或优待Preferenceshouldbegiventograduatesofthisuniversity.inpreferenceto而不是Shewaschoseninpreferencetohersister.preparevt.准备,预备,调制,配制preparationn.准备拓展：prepareapieceofpaperforthediction为…准备…preparetodosth.准备干preparesb.forsth.使某人为…做准备be(well)preparedforsth./todosth.（表状态）makepreparationsfor为…做准备inpreparationfor为…做准备(作状语)presenta出现的，出席的n.礼物，赠品vt.奉送；出现；提出，提供拓展：bepresentatthemeetingHepresentedthereporttotheheadmaster.atpresent目前allthepresentpeople所有出席/到场的人presentationn.演示，演出(makeapresentation)67preservev.保护，保留，保存拓展：preserve主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存，使不受破坏，能长久保存下去。Thevegetablesshouldbepreservedinthefridge.Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.conserve强调对有价值的东西珍惜，合理使用，常用于保护资源和野生动，或指节约使用资源。reserve指事先预留下来以备后用。也可用于“预订”房间、票、座位等。pressvt.压,按n.新闻界,出版社拓展：Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.ThedictionarywaspublishedinOxfordUniversityPress.出版社Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.压,按Theyarepressing/forceustomakeaquickdecision.pressingcalls迫切的要求pressure拓展：n.压迫,压力(有相关阅读),压强Shewasunabletoattendbecauseofthepressureofthework.Don’tletyourselfbepressuredintomakingahastydecision.不要勉强自己仓促做决定。Theteamperformswellunderpressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。air/waterpressurepreventvt.防止,预防拓展：preventsb./sth.fromdoingNothingwouldpreventhimfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.Preventionisbetterthancure.(有相关阅读)Weshouldtakesomepreventiveactiontoavoidthediseases.pricen.价格，价钱atthecostof以…为代价拓展：atahigh/lowpriceatanyprice/cost不惜一切代价printvt.印刷printingn.印刷，印刷术拓展：followinone'sfootsteps步某人的后尘68printern.打印机followinone'sfootprints追随某人的足迹prisonn.监狱prisonern.囚犯拓展：putsb.inprison=sendsb.toprison送某人入监狱hold/keepsb.prisoner囚禁某人takesbprisoner俘虏某人process拓展：n./v.过程,加工,处理mentalprocesses思维过程theagingprocess老化过程manufacturingprocesses制造方法processedcheese加工好的奶酪Isentthreerollsoffilmawaytobeprocessed.我送了三个胶卷去冲印。Itwilltakeaweekforyourapplicationtobeprocessed.审核你的申请需要一周的时间。We’reintheprocessofsellingourhouse.正在Theprocessismuchmoreimportantthantheresult.producevt.生产；制造productn.产品，制品productionn.生产；制造拓展：carproductionadecline/anincreaseinproductionHewantsacareerinfilmproduction.他想从事电影制作。profitn.利润，收益拓展：makeaprofit获利Weshouldbeabletosellthehouseataprofit.可以获利profitby/fromsth.获益，得到好处；对某人有益progressn.进步,上进vi.进展,进行拓展：makemuch/great/rapid/progressinsth.在某方面取得很大进步inprogress在进行中prohibitv.禁止prohibitionn.禁令=banprohibitsb.fromdoingsth.拓展：prohibitsth.Inthepast,thecitizenswereprohibitedfromtravelingabroad.promisen.&vi.答应，允诺
69拓展：make/keep/carryout/breakapromiseapromisingfuture/pianist有前途的Aheavysnowpromisesagoodharvest.瑞雪兆丰年promotev.促进,推动,促销,晋升promotionn.促进;提升;推广;拓展：policiestopromoteeconomicgrowthThebandhasgoneontourtopromotetheirnewalbum.protectvt.保护protectionn.保护拓展：protectsb./sth.from(against)…Wewearsunglassesinsummertoprotectoureyesfromthesunlight.underone’sprotection在某人的保护下provevt.证明拓展：link.v证明是(无被动)proofn.证明adj.防...的Thetaskproved(tobe)moredifficultthanwe’dthought.Heprovedhimself(tobe)abetterdriver.providevt.提供拓展：providesth.forsb./providesb.withsth.Providing/providedthat…只要publica.公共,公众的n.公众publiclyad.当众；公开地拓展：inpublicpublicopinions公众pullv.拉，拖n.拉力，引力拓展：pull/teardown拆毁pullin（火车等）进站pullout拔出，出站purchasev.购买，采购拓展：Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourpurchases,we’llgiveyouafullrefund.全额退款70purposen.目的，意图拓展：onpurpose故意地=deliberatelyad.故意,蓄意,存心put(put,put)vt.放，摆拓展：putaway把收起来putaside把…放在一边；储存putforward提出putoff推迟puton穿上；上演（戏剧等）；增加(weight体重)putout扑灭putup张贴，举起，搭起putupwith忍受puzzlen.难题,（字、画）谜puzzleda.迷惑的，困惑的(confused)拓展：Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索，仔细琢磨Qquantityn.量，数拓展：alargequantityof=largequantitiesof+可数名词、不可数名词Largequantitiesofwaterarepollutedinthatarea.Alargequantityofwaterisbadlyneededhere.qualificationn.资格，学历(bequalifiedfor有…的资格，适于担任…)qualityn.质量，性质，技能，素养
questionvt.询问n.问题questionnairen.调查表，问卷拓展：Hewasquestionedbythepolice.outofquestion没问题outofthequestion不可能queuen.行列，长队拓展：queueupv.排队等候lineupv.整队,排列起...Queueupattheboxoffice.在售票处排队。(有等待的意思)Rraisevt.使升高；饲养raisemoney筹集钱拓展：raiseone’shand/voice举起手、抬高声音71Iwasraisedbymyauntonthefarm.抚养raiseone’sawareness(of)唤起某人的意识beawareof意识到raise/gather/getupone'scourage使某人鼓起勇气rangen./v.变化，变动，排序拓展：Weofferafullrangeofactivitiesforchildren.It’sdifficulttofindahouseinourpricerange.rankn.职衔，apainterofthefirstrank一流的画家拓展：top-rankedplayers一流的选手Attheheightofhercareer,sherankedsecondintheworld.在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二。Shewasnotusedtomixingwithpeopleofhighsocialrank/position.她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅合在一起。officersofjunior/seniorrank有低级/高级的军官reach(完型阅读常考点)v.到达，伸手(脚)够到拓展：beyond(outof)reach够不着withinone’sreach够得着reach(one’shand)for伸手够…reach/makeaconclusion得出结论reachanagreement达成协议reachdown俯下身;弯下腰reachacrossthetable伸手到桌子read(read,read)v.读；朗读readingn.阅读；朗读拓展：Thesignonthewallreads写着(完型常考点)“NoSmoking”.Ican’treadhismind/eyes.读懂reasonvi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因reasonablea.合乎情理的拓展：reasonsb.into/outofdoing说服某人做（不做）reasonwithsb.和某人理论Thereasonwhy…….isthat…..receivev.收到，得到receivern.电话听筒拓展：receivealetter=hearfromreceiveagoodeducation/awarmwelcome72Theplaywaswellreceived.受到好评recovervi.痊愈；恢复recoveryn.恢复，复原；痊愈拓展：recoverfromone’sillnessredn.红色a.红色的拓展：inthered赤字亏损intheblack盈利;盈余reducevt.减少，缩减拓展：Hungerreducedhimtostealing.饥饿使他开始偷东西。reducepressure/stress减压refervi.谈到,提到,涉及,有关referencen.提到,涉及,谈及,查询拓展：referto提及；参考，查阅；涉及refertoadictionaryThemanreferredtoisafamouswriter.refereen.裁判，仲裁，调解员reflectv.反映，反射拓展：HismusicreflectshisinterestinAfricanculturereflecton/uponsomething认真思考，反思Onthewayhomehereflectedthattheinterviewhadgonewell.refuse(to)vi.拒绝，不愿refusaln.拒绝拓展：decline作动词指“有礼貌地谢绝”，比refuse语气上要婉转些regretn./vt.可惜,遗憾;痛惜;哀悼拓展：deeplyregretone’smistakes痛悔前非toone’sregret让某人遗憾的是…..regret/forget/rememberdoing/todoregardv.把……看作regardsn.问候，致意拓展：regard…as…withregardto关于，至于regarding关于;至于;就…而论Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily.代我向你家人问好。73regardlessa.不顾，不加理会拓展：regardlessof=withoutconsidering/takingnoticeof一般是客观上无法避免的事实，往往是不利的条件和因素inspiteof/despite一般是主观上故意去忽视，有时往往是好的条件和因素(ir)regulara.规则的，经常regularlyadv.Hevisitedmeregularly.拓展：aregularmeeting定期的会议regulationn.规则，规章reject(refuse)v.拒绝拓展：rejectanargument/aclaim/adecision/anoffer/asuggestionI'vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.relatevi.有关；涉及拓展：relateAtoBInthefuture,payincreaseswillberelatedtoproductivity.relatetosomething/somebody理解/认同某事某人Manyadultscan'trelatetochildren.了解relationn.关系；亲属relationshipn.关系relativen.亲属，亲戚adj.有关的；相对的
relaxv.（使）放松，轻松拓展：Youhavebeenworkingtoohard.Youneedtorelaxyourself.relyv.依赖，依靠拓展：rely/rest/count/dependonThesedayswerelyheavilyoncomputerstoorganizeourwork.reliablea.可信赖的，可依靠的拓展：areliablefriendOurinformationcomesfromareliablesource.消息来源可靠reliefn.轻松,解脱,缓和,救济relievedadj.放心的;宽慰的asenseofreliefbreatheasighofrelief如释重负松了口气拓展：如释重负muchtoone’srelief使某人欣慰的是；令某人宽慰的是；安心74thereliefofsuffering痛苦的消除providereliefforrefugees救济难民remainvt.余下,留下vi.保持,仍是theremainingtimeadj.剩余的拓展：Theworkremainsundone.rememberv.记得，想起拓展：remembertodo/doingsth.Pleaseremembermetoyourmother.代我向你母亲问好。remindvt.提醒，使记起拓展：remindsb.ofdoingsth.提醒某人做过某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事removevt.移动，拿走，脱掉（衣服等）拓展：Heremovedhishandfromhershoulder.拿开，移走removeone’seyesfromthepicture把目光从画上移开remove/takeoffone’sshoes脱下removethedirtfromthedoor清除，去掉removeone’sdoubt打消某人的疑虑removeastudentfromschool将一个学生开除出学校rentn.&v.租金拓展：Thehouserentsat/for5dollarsaweek.replyn./v.回答，答复areplytomyletter拓展：replytoaquestionrestrictv.restrictionn.，约束拓展：vehiclepurchaserestrictions汽车限购reportn.&v.报道，报告reportern.记者，新闻通讯员拓展：Itisreportedthatayounggirlwasrobbedyesterday.75Agirlisreportedtohavebeenrobbedyesterday.requestn.请求(比ask正式，比demand礼貌)，要求的事物拓展：Hecameatmyrequest.在我的要求下makearequest提出要求requirevt.需求；要求requirementn.需要；要求；必要的条件拓展：TheyrequirethatI(should)appear.Thefloorrequires/needswashing/tobewashed.meetyourrequires/demand/meetreserven.&v.储备；预定reservationn.预定拓展：I'dliketoreserveatableforthreeforeighto'clock.Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguestsresignv.辞职拓展：Twomembersresignedfromtheboard(董事会)inprotest(以示).Wehadtoresignourselvestomakingalossonthesale.听任，只好接受respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重拓展：showrespecttosb.inallrespects/aspect=ineveryrespect/aspect在各方面responsibilityn.责任，负责responsibleadj.尽职的，承担责任的拓展：beresponsiblefor对……负责take/shoulder/takeup/bearresponsibility承担责任avoidtaking(up)responsibility推卸责任restn.休息；剩余的部分，其余的人（物）v.休息，歇息拓展：take/havearest/breakTherestofthemoneywasgivenawaytothepoor.resultn.结果，效果拓展：Hewaslateasaresultofthesnow.由于，因为…76Itsnowedheavily.Asaresult,hewaslate.因此Thedriver’scarelessnessresultedintheaccident.Theaccidentresultedfromthedriver’scarelessness.returnv.归还拓展：returnsth.tosb.=returnsb.sth.Igavehimanappleandhegavemeapeachinreturn.作为回报reusevt.重新使用；循环使用拓展：3R原则：reduce，reuse，recycle(有相关阅读)reviewvt.重新调查；回顾；复习n.复查；复习；评论bookreview书评revisionn.复习，温习拓展：review/gooverone’slessonsreviewern.评论者；书评家rightn.权利a.对,正确的；右边的ad.正确地,恰恰,完全地拓展：havetherighttodosth.有权利干……ontheright在右边keeptotheright靠右边走rewardn.奖赏拓展：rewardsb.for(doing)sth.Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.一笔奖金Youdeservearewardforbeingsohelpful.你帮了这么大忙，应受到奖励。A$100rewardhasbeenofferedforthereturnofthenecklace.richa.富裕的，有钱的enrichv.使富裕，使富有拓展：Ourcountryisrichinnaturalresources.rid(rid,rid/ridded,ridded)n./vt.使摆脱拓展：ridoneselfofsomebody/somethingride(rode,ridden)v.骑（马、自行车）；乘车getridofsomebody/somethingn.乘车旅行拓展：ride(on)ahorse/train骑马/坐车77givesb.aride/lift让某人搭车Itistwohours’ridefromhere.行程ring(rang,rung)
v.（钟、铃等）响；打电话
n.电话，铃声；环形物（如环、圈、戒指等）aweddingring婚戒ringback回电话拓展：ringthebell按铃ringoff挂断电话ringupadoctor打电话给rise(rose,risen)vi.上升，上涨n.增加；加薪ontherise在增长拓展：Thesunrisesintheeast.givesb.arise给某人涨工资riskn./v.危险，风险，冒险拓展：Shetookmanyphotosattheriskofherlife.Hetooktheriskoflosinghislifetosavethechild.riskone’sliferockn.岩石,大石头vt.摇,摇晃拓展：Thetownwasrockedbyanearthquake.rollv.滚动,打滚n.面包圈，小圆面包；卷状物；滚动；卷拓展：Stoprollingyoureyesatme,girl.Herolledupthewindowofthecar.Atearrolleddownhisface.rollern.滚筒；辊roller-skatingn.滑旱冰roomn.房间,室;空间;地方makeroomfor…为…腾地方拓展：takesuptoomuchroom占据太多的空间havemuchroomforimprovement有待改进rootn.根，根源，起源v.生根；扎根拓展：grassrootsn.基层，基层民众；草根adj.基层的；草根的；乡村的rougha.粗糙的，粗略的拓展：roughpaper/road/words/weather/sea78roundad.转过来prep.环绕一周，围着a.圆的；球形的拓展：agirlwitharoundfaceTheearthmovesroundtheearth.rown.（一）排,（一）行v.划船；〈口〉争吵，吵闹拓展：inarow成一排，连续地ruinvt.（使）毁坏；（使）毁灭n.(复)废墟；遗迹拓展：Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.成为废墟rulen.规则,规定vt.统治,支配rulern.统治者；直尺拓展：follow/obey/breaktheulesrun(ran,run)vi.跑，奔跑；（颜色）褪色runningn.跑步拓展：Thetearsrandownhercheeks.runacompany经营Thecoloroftheclothesrunseasily.runover压/辗过去rundown撞到runacrosssb./sth.偶遇runafter追赶，追求runintosb./sth.碰到,陷入，跑进，偶遇(runacross)runout(of)sth.用完，耗尽Ssalen.卖，出售拓展：for~待售；sell(sold,sold)v.卖，售on~出售soldout售罄，卖光samen.同样的事a.同样的,同一拓展：Don’tspeakatthesametime.同时Ihavethesamebikeasyou.satisfactionn.满意satisfyvt.满足，使满意satisfiedadj.拓展：toone’s~让某人满意的是expressone’s~withsth对某事表示满意79~one’sneed/desire/demand满足需要besatisfiedwithsth/sb对…满意(=bepleasedwith)scanv.略读，浏览，扫描拓展：~sthtosbThesignsays“NoSmoking”.牌子上写着speak主要指说什么语言say主要指说话的内容talk主要指谈论什么，一般和to,with,about连用tell主要指告诉的内容tellsb.(not)todosth.tellthetruth（说实话），tellalie（说谎），tellastory（讲故事）schedulen.工作计划，日程安排v安排时间，预定(aheadofschedule)助记：死车堵了，耽误了我的日程安排scratchv./n.划破，划痕，划伤拓展：scratchfromnothing=startfromscratch白手起家dosth.fromscratch从小事做起seasonn.季；季节vt.使适应，使适用；调味拓展：inseason正当时outofseason不合季节的securea.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的security拓展：asecurejobasenseofsecurityseatn.座位，座vt.使…就座n.安全，平安securityguard保安能坐…人扩展：seatoneselfinthechair=beseatedinthechairThetheaterhasaseatingcapacityof800.这个剧场可容纳八百名观众。secondn.秒num.第二a.第二的拓展：inasecond一会儿，立刻(atonce/rightnow/rightaway)onlysecondto仅次于withoutasecondthought毫不犹豫giveasecondthought再次考虑一下see(saw,seen)vt.看见，看到；领会；拜会拓展：~through看穿，看透~sboff送行80感官动词see/notice/watch/hearsbdo/doingsthseek(sought,sought)vt.试图;探寻拓展：seekone’sfortune外出闯荡seekafterpower,wealthandposition.追求权势、财富和地位seemv.似乎，好像seeminglyadv.看来似乎；表面上看来；貌似It~stomethat…在我看来…拓展：He~s(tobe)happy/agoodman.seldomad.很少，不常拓展：(1)含否定意义的词(如：seldom,never,hardly,little,few,notuntil,not,notonly,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere,bynomeans，scarcely等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。例句：NeverhaveIseenreadsuchabook.我从未读过那样的书。(2)only加状语(副词/介词短语/从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。例句：Onlyinthiswaycanyoudoitwell.只有这样你才能做好。(3)so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。例句：HecansingEnglishsongsandsocanI.他会唱英语歌，我也会。Hedidn’tseethefilm,andneitherdidI.他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。(4)当虚拟条件句含有were,should,had时，省略if，将were,should,had置于句首。例句：WereITom(=IfIwereTom),Iwouldrefuse.如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。(5)so...that结构中，将so+adj./adv.置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。例句：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。selectvt.选择，挑选，选拔拓展：selected/ivecourse选修课electv.选举required/obligatory/compulsorycourse必修课send(sent,sent)v.打发，派遣；送(deliver)，邮寄拓展：sendamessage(to)发信息leave/take/giveamessage留口信儿,为…捎口信儿，给…口信儿sensen.感觉，意识sensitivea.体贴的,善解人意的nonsense胡说;愚蠢的话拓展：asenseof=afeelingof一种…的感觉a~ofsight/touch/smell/humor/duty/direction/language81commonsense常识；直觉判断力Thesentencedoesn’tmakesense.有道理，有意义Canyoumakesenseofthepoem.理解(understand)，明白besensitiveto/aboutsentencen.句子，宣判vt.宣判，判决拓展：deathsentence死刑lifesentence无期徒刑separatev.使分开，使分离a.单独的，分开的拓展：Separatethegoodonesfromthebad.separatelyad.单独地，各自地separationn.分离，隔离seriousa.严肃的,严重的,认真的拓展：takesth.seriously认真对待某事beseriousaboutservevt.招待（顾客等），服务上（饭菜等）servicen.服务拓展：Hehasservedinthearmyforthreeyears.服兵役serveas起作用servedinner/wine/thesouptotheguestsshapen.形状，外形v.使成型，制造，塑造拓展：ingood~完整无损，状态良好outof~走形shapecharacter/personality塑造/形成set(set,set)vt.释放，安置n.装备，设备拓展：settingn.环境~astandard/~free/~anexampletosb.为某人树立榜样~about(doing)sth开始做（某事）/~aside留出，拨出~off动身，出发；燃放/~out动身，出发/~outtodo开始，着手~up建立，开办Thesunhas~.(vi.落，下沉)settle(down)vi.安家，定居settlern.移居者，开拓者
settlementn.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落拓展：settleaquestion解决问题raiseaquestion提出问题82shake(shook,shaken)v.（使）动摇，震动拓展：shakehandswithsb.与某人握手Hewas~ingwithcold.shakesb’shead摇头(nodnoddingfriends普通朋友vi.点头)sharevt.分享，共同使用n.份儿；份额；股份拓展：sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物Iwilltakemy~ofthemoney.sharejoys/happinessandsorrows/sadnesswithsb.同甘共苦(在英语写作中可以用到)sharpa.锋利的，尖的
sharpenv.（使）变锐利，削尖sharpenern.削尖用的器具拓展：sharpensb’sbrain/IQ/memory(有相关阅读)shorta.短的；矮的shortenv.变短shortsn.短裤；运动短裤拓展：beshort/lackof…缺少be~for…是…的缩写inshort简言之shortcomingn.缺点(weakness,badpoints,disadvantages)，短处shortlyad.不久
shouldv.mod.应当，应该，会v.aux.会,应该（shall的过去时态）拓展：shouldhavedone应该做某事没做shouldn’thavedone不应该做某事却做了shouldern.肩膀,(道路的)路肩拓展：Helookedoverhis~.(broadshoulders)~atask/responsibility/duty肩负责任…回过头看shown.展示,展览（会）；演出
show(showed,shown或showed)v.给…看,出示,显示拓展：~sb.sth.=~sth.tosb.~off卖弄，炫耀show/takesb.around带某人逛~up露出，揭露siden.边，旁边，面，侧面拓展：Everycoinhastwo~s.任何事情都有两面性sidebyside肩并肩地，一起；相互支持sightn.情景，风景；视力
83拓展：catch~of看见…lose~of/outof~看不见comeintosight/view映入眼帘simplea.简单的，简易的，单纯的拓展：live/leada~life=livesimply过一种简单的生活Heisas~asachild.sinkn.洗涤槽；污水槽sink(sank,sunk)vi.下沉；消沉拓展：Theshipsankintotheriver.~intoachair一屁股坐下Hearingthenews,hisheartsank.sleepn.睡觉sleep(slept,slept)vi.睡觉sleepya.想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的拓展：fallintosleep/fallasleephaveasoundsleepsleepwell/deeply/soundly/badlysoonad.不久,很快,一会儿nosooner…than…=hardly…when…一…就…拓展：soonerorlater迟早assoonas/ifsortvt.把…分类，拣选n.种类，类别拓展：allsortsof=allkindsofsort(out)theletters分类Rubbishcanbeeasilyseparatedandsortedintotheplastics,glassandpaper.sortof=kindof有点儿Heissortofnervous.sparea.空闲,剩余的v.尽力，破费；抽出/匀出（时间、金钱等）拓展：spareone’slife饶命spare/freetime空余时间Hesparednoefforttomakeherhappy.不遗余力，全力以赴Wecanonlyspareoneroomforyou.Surelyyoucansparemeafewminutes.Thereisjustafewminutestospare.speak(spoke,spoken)v.说，讲；谈话；发言拓展：speakinpublic/ontheradiospeakof谈/提到speakern.演讲人，演说家；扬声器84speciala.特别的，专门的n.特价产品；特价例句：Themenuchangesregularlyandtherearedailyspecialstochoosefrom.speciallyadv.专门地特意地specialistn.专家；专业人员(generalist通才)(有相关阅读)specifica.明确的,具体的,独特的
spiritn.精神spirituala.精神的(physical肉体上的)；心灵的拓展：inhigh/lowspirits情绪高涨/低落spoonn.匙,调羹spoonfuln.一匙（的量）例句：Sometimes,wewillsomehowenvythosechildrenwhoarebornwithasilverspoonintheirmouths.Theyalwaysownmorebetteropportunitiesthanothers.sportn.体育运动，锻炼；(复，英)运动会
spotn.斑点，污点；场所，地点v.沾上污渍，弄脏拓展：onthespot当场，立即，在现场spread拓展：n./v.延伸；展开Shespreadherarms.张开（双臂）Spreadbutteronthebread.涂抹Thediseasespreadquickly.传播，流传，散布preventthespreadofdiseasestand(stood,stood)v.站；立；起立；坐落；经受(bear/putupwith)n.货摊拓展：standthetestoftime经得起时间的考验(在英语写作中可以用到)staten.状态，情形；叙述；国家，（美国的）州statementn.声明，陈诉拓展：inagoodstate/ingoodconditionShewasinastateofshock.Thefactsarestatedinthereport.stayn.&vi.停留，逗留，呆拓展：Heneverstays/keepangryforlong.stayontrack保持正轨stayuplate熬夜stepn.脚步,台阶,梯级vi.走,跨步
85拓展：takestepstodosth.stepinto干涉dosth.stepbystep做事脚踏实地stepbackwards后退stick(stuck,stuck)vi.粘住，钉住；坚持n木棒（棍）,枝条拓展：stickto/insiston/persistin坚持getstuckin/into陷入stomachn.胃，胃部拓展：butterflyinsb’sstomach忐忑不安stomachachen.胃疼stopn.停；（停车）站v.停，停止，阻止stop/preventsb.fromdoing组织某人做某事拓展：stoptodo/doingstrawn.稻草拓展：Thelaststrawthatbreaksthecamelback.压垮骆驼背的最后一根稻草。strawberryn.草莓streamn.小河；溪流拓展：streamdown不断流下,涓涓细流(完型常考点)streamofvehicles车流stricta.严格的，严密的拓展：bestrictwithsb./bestrictin(about)sth./strictlyspeakingstrikev.（钟）鸣;敲（striketheclock敲钟）,罢工n.罢工/攻击(beonstrike)strike(struck,struck或stricken)vt.擦（打）火,侵袭拓展：Thechildwasstruckbyacar.撞击Hestruckhimintheface.打击Theareawasstruckbyaterribleearthquake.袭击Anideahasjuststruckme.突然想起Theclockhasjuststruckthree.敲，报时Iwasstruckbythebeautyofnature.打动subjecta隶属的；受支配的；易受…的vt.使隶属；使服从；n.学科；主语拓展：besubject(ed)to86subjectivea.主观的(objective客观的)
succeed(in)vi.成功successn.成功successfula.成功的,有成就的拓展：Whosucceeded(继任)KennedyasPresident?suchad.那么pron.（泛指）人，事物a.这样的，那样的soad.如此，这么；非常；同样conj.因此，所以拓展：such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数such+adj.+不可数名词/名词复数so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数suggestvt.建议，提议suggestionn.建议(makeasuggestion)拓展：suggestedsb.todosth.Hesuggesteddoingitinadifferentway.Hisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.暗示(完型常考点)supplyvt.&n.供给，供应(school/officesupplies学校/办公用品)拓展：supplysth.tosb./supplysb.withsth.supplyanddemand供求surprisevt.使惊奇,使诧异n.惊奇,诧异(toone’ssurprise)拓展：adj.surprised人的感受/surprising描写物Ttake(took,taken)vt.拿；拿走；做；服用；乘坐；花费拓展：takesth./sb.seriously认真对待某人或某事takecareof=lookafter照顾Ittakes/tooksb.+时间+todosth.=sb.spend(s)/spent+时间+(in)doingsth.tapn.(自来水煤气等的)龙头v.开发(explore)，发掘(有相关阅读)拓展：tapintoJapan'sricemarket开发日本的大米市场taskn.任务,工作拓展：mission(一般指军事任务，使命)event(一般指体育赛事)87tearn.眼泪v.扯破,撕开(toretorn)把某物撕成碎片拓展：Itoretheletterinhalf/intohalves.tearsthintopiecesburstintotears/laughter突然大哭/大笑teasev.取笑，戏弄(playajokeon/makefunof)，寻开心拓展：ease缓解，减轻easesb’sburden减负tell(told,told)vt.告诉,讲述,吩咐；辨别拓展：tellthetruth/lies实话实说/撒谎tellAfromBtendv.往往会，常常就，倾向，趋于(trend)；照料,看管拓展：tendtodosth.tendtoherbabytendencyn.倾向，偏好，性情tievt.（用绳，线）系，拴，扎打成平局，得分相等(tied/tied/tying)
n.领带，绳子，结；关系(relationship)例句：Thematchendedinatie.比赛打成平局thanconj.比拓展：morethan多于……，超过……otherthan除了more…than…比……多/更加；与其说……倒不如说……例句：Iwasmoresurprisedthanannoyed.与其说我气恼倒不如说受惊不小moreoftenthannot往往，通常Thereisnothingbetterthan…没有比……更好的了ratherthan而不是(1)wouldrather+V.原…than+V.原…/prefertodo…ratherthando宁愿……也不愿……(2)nosooner…than…/hardly…when…一……就……如果nosooner置于句首，主句应用部分倒装和过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例句：NosoonerhadIheardtheknockthanIopenedthedoor.一听到敲门声，我马上就开门了。(3)wouldrather后接句子时，句子的谓语习惯上用虚拟语气，具体用法：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望：Iwouldratheryoucometomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。过去完成时表示过去的愿望：Iwouldratheryouhadn’tsaidit.我真希望你没有这么说过。88thankvt.感谢，致谢，道谢n（复）感谢，谢意thankfula.感谢的，感激的拓展：thanksto幸亏，由于thanksb.forsth./doingsth.=thanksforsth./doingsth.thenad.当时,那时,然后,那么拓展：nowandthen/fromtimetotime时而，有时sincethen/fromthenon自从think(thought,thought)v.想；认为；考虑拓展：Onsecondthought(s)再一想，转念一想deepinthought=lostinthought沉思thinkingn.思索;见解;想法(thought)throatn.喉咙拓展：sorethroat嗓子疼clearsb’sthroat清嗓子feelsb’sthroattighten哽咽了tickvt.作记号，对钩(cross×)拓展：whatmakessb’stick影响某人性格，行为，思想(是……让某人/某物怎样)timen.时间;时期;钟点,次,回vt.测定…的时间,记录…的时间拓展：allthetime=always一直attimes=sometimes有时候aheadoftime=inadvance提前fromtimetotime不时的，时而，偶尔innotime立刻，马上takeone’stime慢慢来ontime准时intime及时，迟早atatime一次atonetime从前Itis(high/about)time(that)westarted.该干某事了Itistimetodo/for(doing)sth.AtnotimehaveIsaidsuchathing.我决没有说过这种话。（决没有，决不）部分倒装Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavereadsuchabook.我第一次读这样的书。tonguen.舌，舌头mothertongue=nativelanguage母语拓展：onthetipofmytongue在嘴边上,可我就是想不起来tooad.也,还,又,太,过分,很,非常拓展：Heistootiredtogoanyfurther.太….以至于不能….(so….that….)Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhilecrossingthestreet.过马路时，越小心越好。totala.总数的;完全的n.合计,总计v.合计为拓展：intotal(=altogether=inall总共)totallyad.总合地，完全地touchvt.触摸，接触touchedadj.受到触动的,感动的(moved)拓展：stayintouchwithsb.=keepintouchwithsb.与某人保持联系losetouchwithsb.与某人失去联系getintouchwithsb.与某人取得联系trackn.轨道；田径losetrackofsb.和某人失去联系拓展：keeptrackofsb.跟踪某人traditionn.传统，风俗traditionala.传统的，风俗的拓展：religious/culturaltraditionstreatvt.对待，看待treatmentn.治疗,疗法It’smytreat.我请客treatsb./sth.well善待……拓展：undertreatment在治疗中treatsbtosth用某物款待某人troublevt.使苦恼,使麻烦n.问题,疾病,烦恼troublesomea.令人烦恼,讨厌拓展：havetrouble(in)doing干某事有困难getinto/outoftrouble陷入困境/摆脱(getridof)困境trulyad.真正地，真实地例句：Mydreamcametrue.=Irealized/achieved/fulfillmydream.tellthetruth说实话tryv.试，试图，努力拓展：tryon试穿tryout试用haveatry试一下trythecase审理案件trytodo=attempttodo努力去做某事(但是不一定成功)90managetodo努力去做某事(一定成功)tryone’sbesttodo=doone’sbesttodo尽力做某事turnv旋转，转变，转弯n.轮流（轮流的）顺序turningn.拐弯/角处拓展：inturn=byturns轮流（作状语）taketurnstodo=taketurnsatdoingItismyturn.该我了。turnout(tobe)n/adj/adv结果是，被证明是（强调与预料的相反）Uundertake(undertook,undertaken)v.承担，从事，负责拓展：undertake/shoulderresponsibility承担/肩负责任upad.向上；起来；a.上面的，向上的；n.上升；v.拿起；提高prep.向(高处)uponprep.在……上面拓展：upon/on+sth/doing名词/动名词=assoonas从句Uponhisarrival,Iwilltelephoneyou.urgev.敦促，催促，力劝urgenta.紧急的，紧迫的urgencyn.紧迫；急事拓展：urgesbtodo/intodoingurge后接从句(shoulddo)Heurgedthatweshouldtakesuchsteps.usen.&vt.利用,使用,应用useda.用过的;旧的;二手的usern.使用者；用户拓展：make(good/better/full)useofsth.（好好/充分）利用某物usedtodosth.过去常常be/getusedtodoing习惯干某事usefula.有用的，有益的uselessa.无用的V
vacationn.假期(holiday)，休假拓展：thewinter/summervacation寒/暑假beonvacation休假valuablea.值钱的，贵重的拓展：beofvalue=bevaluablevaluen.价值，益处v.重视91attachimportanceto；payattentionto；thinkhighlyof；takesth./sb.seriouslyplace(great)importanceonviewn.看法,见解;风景,景色viewern.观看者拓展：politicalviewsviewsth.as…把…视为(regardsth./sb.as)，以…看待comeintoview/sight看到…，进入到…视野voicen.说话声;语态vt.发音；表达(voicesb’svoice)，说出拓展：inahigh/low…voice以高或低的声音atthetopofone’svoice高声地thevoiceless弱势群体Wwagen.工资(slary)，工钱，报酬(reward)拓展：salary是指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资、薪水”，通常按月，有时按季或年计算。wage是指简单劳动或体力劳动者所得到的“工资、薪水”，通常按周，日等短期计算。waitvi.等，等候waitern.（餐厅）男服务员waitressn.女服务员拓展：waitforsb./sth.等待waitonsb.照料，伺候waitforone’schance/turn等机会can’twaittodo迫不及待地想干waiting-roomn.候诊室,候车室waitat/ontable招待进餐want(todo)vt.想,想要拓展：Thehousewantspainting.(Thehousewantstobepainted.)这房子需要被粉刷。相同用法的词汇：sth.need(s)需要被/wear(s)耐得住：V-ing/tobedonewarnvt.警告，预先通知warningn.警报拓展：warnsbof/againststh警告某人小心某物waven.（热、光、声等的）波，波浪v.挥手，挥动，波动拓展：wavegoodbyetosb.向...挥手告别saygoodbyetosb跟...说再见92wayn.路，路线；方式，手段拓展：inthisway用这种方法bytheway顺便说（引入话题）onthewaytoaplace在去某地的路上underway在进行中givewaytosb/sth让位/路给某人或某物awaytoloseweight=awayoflosingweight减肥的方法insb’sway.挡道，碍事Pleasegetoutofmyway!别挡手，让开wear(wore,worn)v.穿，戴拓展：wearsbout.使某人精疲力竭（=sbiswornout）wearasmile.戴着微笑weathern.天气v.经受住，渡过(难关等)weathermann.预报天气的人拓展：weatheredadj.风化的weatheredface饱经风霜的脸weighvt.称…的重量，重（若干）；权衡weightn.重，重量；秤砣拓展：weighadvantagesanddisadvantages权衡利与弊loseweight减肥puton增重whatpron.什么,怎么样a.多么，何等；什么Whatifitrains?如果下雨怎么办？情景交际：Sowhat?那又怎么样？（表反问）wilda.未开发的，荒凉的；野生的，野的wildlifen.野生动物拓展：wildestdream/imagination最疯狂的梦想,无法想象，出乎意料wonderv对…疑惑，想知道n.惊讶，惊叹；奇迹wonderfula.美妙的；太好了vi.漫游,游荡(~about/aroundthestreet)换一个字母：wanderwindn.风vt.(wound,wound)缠；蜿蜒，弯曲；转动（把手）；给…上发条windya.有风的，多风的拓展：windsb’sway蜿蜒前进makesb’sway（艰难地）前进feelsb’sway摸索前进pushsb’sway挤着前进93willn.意志,遗嘱will(would)modal(情态动词)v.将,会(表示将来)；愿意，要例句：Hegaveuphisjobagainsthismother’swill.他违背母亲的意志辞调了工作Wechosetenboysatwill.随意，任意willinga.乐意的；愿意的(bewillingtodosth.)wouldliketodo想做某事willinglyad.乐意地willingnessn.意愿；愿望
wishn.愿望，祝愿vt.希望，想要，祝愿对现在虚拟用过去时，对过去虚拟用过去完成，对将来虚拟用过去将来时语法：Iwishthat从句和asif虚拟语气的用法withdrawv.(withdrew，withdrawn)
撤回，撤离；（从活动或组织中）退出；（从银行）取（钱）(助记：with+draw)拓展：withdrawoneselffromsociety隐退wordn.词，单词；话拓展：keepyourword/promise遵守诺言inaword总之breakthepromise违背诺言beasgoodasone'swords言行一致workn工作,劳动,事情；作品（可数）vi.工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动拓展：workout算出，锻炼，结果是(turnout(tobe))worldn.世界webn.网，网状物websiten.网络拓展：allovertheworldwww.：worldwidewebworld-famousa.世界闻名的worldwidea.遍及全球的，世界范围的
worrieda.担心的，烦恼的worryn.&v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰拓展：sb.worryaboutsth.某人担心某事sb.beworriedaboutsth./sb.某人担心某事Thereisnopointinworryingaboutthingsyoucan’tchange.aworryingsituation令人担忧的局面表示人的感觉时动词加-ing；描写物时动词加-ed/d94wortha.有…的价值,值得…的worthlessa.没有价值,没有用的worthya.值得的
worthwhilea.值得做的拓展：beworthdoingsth.beworthyofsth/beingdonebeworthytobedoneTheproblemisworthyofconsideration/beingconsidered.Theyoungmanisworthytobetaught.aworthwhileeffortItisworthwhiletodosth/doingsthYyearn.年拓展：yearbyyear一年一年地加一个字母：yearnv.渴望例句：Heyearnedforfreedom.他渴望自由。Iyearnedtobeamovieactor.我曾渴望成为一名电影演员。yesterdayn.&ad.昨天拓展：thedaybeforeyesterday前天yawnv.打哈欠
yell(at)v.叫喊，吼叫yetad.尚，还，仍然younga.年轻的youthyummya.很好吃的
thedaybeforetomorrow后天n.青春；青年
Zzeron.&num.零,零度,零点拓展：afewdegreesabovezero零上几度afewdegreesbelowzero零下几度zebran.斑马zebra-crossing人行横道线（斑马线）zipv.&n.拉开(或扣上)……的拉链；拉链zippern.拉链zipcode(美)=postcode(英)邮政区号zonen.区域；范围(同义词：range)(助记：ar+rangev.安排，布置)zoomv.快速移动，迅速前往，猛涨(zoominv.放大)
95
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