用逻辑关系巧解完形填空题

完形填空题

完形填空是对考生语言能力要求较高的一种题型，既考查语言知识水平，也检测语言运用能力。完形填空的每一个空格并不是孤立存在的，命题者通过上下文体现出的某种线索来保证每个空格所填答案的唯一性。除满足词义和用法搭配的要求之外，上下句之间乃至全文的逻辑关系是考生必须要把握的重要线索，这种逻辑关系会体现在句中、句间或段落的衔接中。

那么，考生应如何分析和判断逻辑关系，准确而迅速地确定答案呢？下面我们就对完形填空中常见的几种逻辑关系加以分析。

一、转折或让步关系

存在转折或让步关系的两个部分之间通常存在着相反、相对或部分相反的意思，往往通过以下词来体现：though, although, even if/though, while, but, however, yet, despite, in spite of等。

例1: You might think that many people are not self-disciplined, 1 I’m going to prove to you that people in general are disciplined, but unfortunately in non-beneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily 2 the fact that it is harmful and dangerous.

(1) A. for B. and C. or D. but(2) A. besides B. despite C. except D. without第一个空格前后的“many people are not self-disciplined”和“people in general are disciplined”是完全相反的关系，所以答案为D；解答第二空时，根据对句中的“smoke daily”和“it is harmful and dangerous”关系的逻辑分析，此处应用despite，表示让步关系。

例2: Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always feel great 1 at the mere mention of the country. They wrongly believe that country life is somehow superior to town life. 2 they praise the virtues of the peaceful life, only one went to live in the country.

(1) A. pleasure B. honor C. regret D. surprise (2) A. Since B. Unless C. When D. While

yet表示转折关系，再结合后一句“They wrongly believe that country life is somehow superior to town life”可知第一句大意为：大多数朋友住在城里，但只要提到乡村，他们就会觉得有无穷的“乐趣”，所以第一个空格处选A；在解答第二个空格时，句中的“they praise the virtues”和“only one went to live in the country”之间为转折关系，所以答案为D。

例3: Though sports activities and piano lessons 1

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◆ 顾琴 Class趣味课堂 •方interrupted our schedules, generally we got up, fed and out without much commotion and back in, fed and bathed with a little time left over for a game or a favorite TV show.

A. systematically B. effectively C. occasionally D. adequately

句中的“though”揭示了这两句之间的相对关系，根据句意可知空格中应选择一个与“generally”意思相反的副词，故答案为C。

二、对比关系

对比关系可以通过but, however, instead, while, whereas, nevertheless, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than, instead of, or 等词来体现，空格前后出现这些词，就意味着要选填一个意义相反的词。有时，这种对比关系也会通过句式来体现。

例4: We all know people who have a relatively 1 life, yet are essentially unhappy while people who have suffered a great deal but 2 remain happy.

(1) A. peaceful B. difficult C. easy D. ordinary(2) A. certainly B. merely C. hardly D. generally

句中的while 提示我们，前后两个分句之间存在对比，为两种人的对比，第一种人生活轻松却不快乐，第二种人生活不易却总体比较快乐，结合句中的“yet”和“but”可知这两题的答案分别为C和D。

例5: As times passed, some rituals were 1 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.

A. spread B. abandoned C. followed D. celebrated

根据句中的“but”一词可以推知空格处应该填写与“continued to exist”意义相反的词，所以答案为B。

例6: One of the most significant actions of your life is that you support someone when you help him or her through a challenging time. However, the best part is that when you support others, you are also supporting yourself. When you 1 to give support to others, it is usually a sign that you are also stopping giving support to yourself.

A. refuse B. pretend C. start D. decide

此处的对比关系是通过两个结构相同的句式来体现的，根据“when you support others, you are also supporting yourself”和“you are also stopping giving support to yourself”可知空格处应表示“不能帮助别人”，故答案为A。

三、因果关系

表示因果关系的词有：because, as, since, so, so that, so...that, so as to, in that, consequently, therefore, as a result/consequence (of)等。解题时可以根据这些词所体现的因果关系来确定空格处的答案。

例7: According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic of climate expert to provide the public with information isn’t 1 because “it doesn’t address key potential causes”. We are all exposed 78

CLASS趣味课堂方to the evidence of climate change on an almost daily basis, so the information is almost 2 .(1) A. revolutionary B. detailed C. enough D. popular(2) A. unavoidable B. unbearable C. unacceptable D. unreliable根据第一个空格后“because it doesn’t address key potential causes”可知这样的信息是“不够的”，因为它“没有涉及关键的原因”，故答案为C；在解答第二个空格时，根据句中的连词“so”，结合前面的“we are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost daily basis”可知这样的信息 “不可避免”地为人所感知，所以选择A。

例8: Apparently he had some very hurtful personal problems that were so 1 that he was planning to take his life that day.

A. uncontrolled B. convincing C. unconscious D. encouraging

该句采用了so…that 结构，根据后面结果状语从句中的“he was planning to take his life”，结合前面的“hurtful personal problems”可知这些问题是他“无法掌控的”，故答案为A。

例9: My work has been meaningful to me in important ways, and I think it has made me a more interesting and satisfied partner and parent. And our family has learned to value the time we have together.

1 , if I had to do it over again, I wouldn’t change my decision to be a working mom. And I wouldn’t change a single thing about the kids who lived through it.

A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. However D. Otherwise

第一节论述了我工作的意义，而空格所在句子的意思是：如果重新选择，我不会改变原先的决定，因此，空格处体现的是两个段落之间的一种因果关系，答案选A。

四、并列或递进关系

如果在空格前后出现了and, or, as well as, while, likewise, similarly, not only… but also, in addition, besides, also, moreover, furthermore, what’s more等词，解题时则要从并列或递进关系的角度来考虑选项。

例10: According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread, 1 through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.

A. at that B. at a time C. at first D. at once

根据句中的并列结构“through the use… and then through the assumption…”可知答案为C，体现演变的顺序。

例11: Most developed nations have become keen on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not using it would make them an outsider. 1 many jobs and careers require people to be connected.

A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow

第一句的意思是“不使用数字技术会使他们成为局外人”，空格后的句意为“很多工作要求人们必须时刻联系着”，两句之间是一种递进关系，故选A。

例12: The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many 1 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up lost on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 2 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 3 to unwanted texts.

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Class趣味课堂 •方(1) A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions(2) A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused(3) A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply

根据“as well as disadvantages”可知第一个空格处应填C；在解答第二个空格时应注意其后的“and forced”，此处应该填一个与forced意义相近的词，故应选A；第三个空格处则是通过前面的“or”体现了与前面“answer”的同等对应关系，D为正确答案。

五、增补关系

空格后的增补成分可以为答案的判定提供线索，这些成分可以通过标点符号、伴随状语、定语从句、举例等体现，解题时应充分关注这类增补成分对答案的提示作用。

例13: That’s because people who do meaningful things usually have higher levels of 1 in their lives than happy people. For example, volunteering in poor rural schools might be meaningful, but it might also be difficult and draining.

A. academy B. intelligence C. energy D. stress根据后面的举例，尤其是“it might also be difficult and draining”可知做有意义的事情的人会面临很大的“压力”，故答案为D。

例14: Our brains may have difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social 1 with other people. (“Why should I change if X won’t?) A more powerful barrier is the 2 of perceived behavior control. (I’m only one person, and what can I do?)

(1) A. comparisons B. connections C. competence D. development(2) A. sense B. lack C. problem D. effect

这两个空格处答案的选择都要依据括号中的内容作出，第一个括号中的内容提示的是与别人进行比较，所以答案为A；第二个括号中的内容表示“为力”的意思，可以推知前面指的是“缺乏”对认知行为的控制，故应选择B。

例15: It was 1 , full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner, rented it and cleared a corner to camp in.

A. occupied B. abandoned C. emptied D. approached

根据空格后的伴随状语“full of broken glass and rubbish ”可知这所房子已经很久没有人居住，所以选择B，意为“废弃的”。

六、结束语

从近几年高考的完形填空命题来看，对语境的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查内容，因此考生要在整体把握文章结构和脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理的推理判断，注意识别语篇标志，正确分析句中、句间、段间的逻辑关系，并据此找到与文中某些词或短语有密切关系的选项。当然，这种能力的形成并不是一蹴而就的，需要考生在平时的做题中注意分析和积累，养成习惯，最终内化为能力。

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