高考英语长难句分析精讲

长难句分析

Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts — which means that we've lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts — in the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you're not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.

解析： make room for解释为让出地方给……，为……腾出空位。

We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts — which means that we've lost sight of who we really are.这句中see…as 等于regard…as，treat…as 把。。。看做。。。我们把自己当做外向的人。

If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life event — a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like — jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.

解析： If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people

pretend to be extroverts.这是一句条件状语从句，如果这些数据让你感到惊讶的话，那可能是因为很多文假装外向。

Some fool even themselves, until some life event — a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like — jolts them into taking stock of their true natures.一些人甚至麻痹他们自己，直到一些生命中的一些事，比如是失业期，空槽期和一些遗传能够他们的天性，以至于会让自己震惊到。 It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal— the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual — the kind who's comfortable \"putting himself out there.\" Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages

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to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.

解析： We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal— the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the

spotlight.主干部分是 We live with a value system，后面是that引导的定语从句，那就是我们所谓的外向理想型。其中omnipresent adj. 无所不在的belief 后面that引导的是同位语从句，解释为理想的自己是社交的，开放的，以及很舒适的适应公众的注意力的。

The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to

heed-taking, certainty to doubt.这一句比较难理解，archetypal是原形的，也就是最初的外向是倾向于行动的而不会沉思，喜欢冒险而不是保守，确信而不是疑问。 We allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.主干部分是主谓宾的结构，后面是who引导的定语从句，从句中有to引导的不定式。Personality后面的they please是定语从句，修饰personality。But是连词，后面又是一句完整的句子。 and our tolerance extends mainly to those，后面是定语从句，修饰those.

Introversion — along with its cousin’s sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness — is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a

pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man's world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.

解析： Introversion — along with its cousin’s sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness — is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a

disappointment and a pathology.这里需要注意的是along with是遵循就前原则，主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语是is.

Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.外向型的性格是很吸引人的性格，但是我们把它转变为压迫性的标准而且是我们必须要遵循的标准。后面是but引导的句子， we've turned it into an oppressive standard后面的to which是引导定语从句，典型的介词加which的形式。

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The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized — one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical

appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.

解析：Even the word introvert is stigmatized — one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.这句引导的是让步状语从句，即使在这个世界上内向的人是受人责难的，中间破折号是插入语，谓语动词是found，然后后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句中的主干部分是主谓宾结构，发现内向的人可以很生动的描述他们自己的外貌特征但是当被问到一类的内向型的人时，往往描述的很乏味和空洞。

But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions — from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer — came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there. 解析： Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions — from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer — came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.本句主干部分是 Some of our greatest ideas，谓语是 came from，宾语是 quiet and cerebral people，后面是who引导的定语从句修饰前行词people。那些知道怎么进入内心的世界和财富，最后是 to be found there不定式做后置定语。

The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.

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Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like.

Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemist’s gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’s blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints.

In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.

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长难句分析：

The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. 句子主干为主系表结构The basic premise is to examine those areas ，其后的which 引导非性定语从句修饰areas, 定语从句内又包含以who引导的定语从句修饰persons.句意为：搜寻隐藏指纹的基本前提是更仔细地检查那些最有可能被现场人员接触到的区域。

The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.

句子主干为主系表结构The natural manner is the key，主语中带有以in which引导的定语从句，从句中主干为a person would use and place his hands，其后两个并列介词短语in making an entrance or exit from a building 和in handling any object 作状语 。

Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched.

句子为主从复合句，主句主干为Any object is likely to retain latent prints，条件状语从句为省略结构，过去分词表被动，句意为任何表面光滑且无孔的物体如果被触摸，有可能留下隐藏的指纹。

If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.

句子开头为条件状语从句，从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句，viewed过去

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分词表被动，主句句型the chances are that为翻译常考句型，意为“很可能...”，其中that引导的宾语从句带有时间状语从句，photographed为过去分词表被动。

Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.

句子开头为地点状语从句，主句句型it be necessary for sb to do sth,某人有必要做某事，it为形式主语，不定式to do为真正主语，现在分词having legitimate access to the premises 作定语修饰 the ones of persons ，其后so that引导目的状语从句，从句中又带as引导的原因状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。

A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.

句子主干为主系表结构，A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface，similar to the one 为定语修饰his own prints ，he wishes to search为省略关系代词that的定语从句修饰the one, 后面为目的状语in order to do, 其后best suited to the surface过去分词短语作定语修饰powder.

Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints. 句子为被动句，介词by后面由动名词引导的名词短语，fresh cellulose tape 和 commercially prepared material为or连接的并列宾语，prepared为过去分词作定语，后面designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints过去分词短语作定语。

Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted.

句子为主从复合句，主句为被动句，从句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中

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带有which引导的定语从句修饰substance，定语从句中contacted过去分词做定语修饰the surface。

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