environmentalist = conservationist acid 酸;酸的alkali 碱;
carbon 碳(C)vs.charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
fume exhaust fumes vs. smoke, fog, smog petroleum 石油petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas
(AE)
ozone 臭氧(o + zone)ozone layer ooze 渗出渗出物
radiation 辐射ultraviolet (UV) radiation~ radioactive
greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases solar 太阳的phenomenon 现象
catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm deterioration 恶化extinction 灭绝
species endangered species drought 干旱
recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rent vs.concurrent inundate 淹没
embankment 筑堤(em + bank + ment) sediment 沉积(物)= deposit delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta alluvial 冲积的desertification沙漠化desert vs. dessert dust-storm 沙尘暴
barren 贫瘠的,不育的,无效的attributable 归因于be attributable to…
deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)log 原木,日志伐木vs. logo
vegetation 植物,植被
vs.vegetable,
vegetarian habitat 栖息地ecosystem 生态系统viability
demographic 人口统计的interdependence
counterbalance 使平衡,弥补
mechanism 机理,机制precipitation 陡降,降水circulation 流通,循环typhoon, tornado, hurricane meteorology 气象(学)volcano 火山
eruption 喷发volcanic eruption granite 花岗岩
imminent = impending vs. eminent Celsius 摄氏的Fahrenheit 华氏的
latitude 纬度longitude, altitude tropical
(the) tropics tropical/torrid temperate zone, frigid zone glacier 冰川dump 倾倒,倾销contaminate 弄脏recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的(= irrevocable) reclaim 开垦,改造à reclamation
contentious 有争议的opt 选择n prioritize 优先考虑
zone,
2.生物molecule 分子
amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质
enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions) catalyst 催化剂
chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: photosynthesis 光合作用(photo
+
synthesis)photosynthetic botany 植物学botanist, botanical
flora 植物群fauna 动物群
bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb
carnation 康乃馨fade 凋谢,褪色organism 机体,组织
arthropod 节肢动物vs. anthropoid reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物mammal 哺乳动物primate 灵长目动物evolution 进化anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrophumankind)”:
anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape, gorilla,
chimpanzee
gene 基因DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetics 遗传学genetical
helix 螺旋,螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity’DNA
identical 同一的mutation 突变mutable, immutable, mutant
predator 捕食者embryo 胚胎
roe 鱼子caviar 鱼子酱tadpole 蝌蚪frog, toad caterpillar 毛毛虫(cater + pillar)
grasshopper 蚱蜢,蝗虫
(= locust)
cricket 蟋蟀;板球
butterfly vs. moth
pollen 花粉传粉pollination hive 蜂房
larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫vs. lava pupa 蛹
penguin 企鹅vs. dolphin (海豚) raccoon 浣熊vs. kangaroo (袋鼠) hibernate 冬眠(=hole up) torpid 麻木的,蛰伏的vs. torpedo (鱼雷)
cerebral (大)脑的
hemisphere 半球(hemi + sphere) cortex 脑皮层migraine 偏头疼somatic 躯体的
limb 四肢upper/lower limb anatomy 解剖,剖析
paralyze 使瘫痪(=incapacitate, immobilize) artery 动脉vein 静脉gland 腺体pancreas 胰
hormone 荷尔蒙,激素cholesterol 胆固醇
efficacy 功效vs. efficiency, effectiveness
s 3.人类研究之心理
theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory methodology 方;physiology 生理学;
psychiatry 精神病学correlation 相互关系
sensation 感觉,知觉;sensational perception 感知,认知intuition 直觉;intuitive
ESP 第六感Extrasensory Perception motivate 激励motivation incentive 激励因素
ESP 第六感Extrasensory Perception motivate 激励incentive 激励因素stimulus 刺激disorder 紊乱,失调dysfunction 机能障碍dissonance 不和谐,不一致trauma 创伤
anxiety 焦虑= anxiousness depression 沮丧insomnia 失眠
phobia 恐惧(症) àsuffix: -phobia acrophobia 恐高症
xenophobia 仇外者,惧外者claustrophobia 幽闭恐怖症
allergy 过敏(症),反感He is allergic to card playing.
propensity 倾向*Most
boys have a propensity of playing
with machinery.=
tendency, inclination
paranoid 偏执的paranoia 偏执狂workaholic 工作狂(alcoholic) symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) electroencephalogram 脑
电
图
electrocardiogram (心电图)
assertive 武断的therapy 治疗法
hypnotism 催眠术(~ hypnotize) prescribe 开药方vs. subscribe, describe, antidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药
side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的,免除的rehabilitation 复原,康复
relapse 旧病复发,故态复萌vs. elapse 流逝
(子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!)chronic 慢性的adulthood 成人期puberty 青春发动期
adolescence 青春期(the time of life between puberty and adulthood) emotional 情绪的affective 情感的sane 神智健全的insane
superstition 迷信telepathy 传心术,通灵术
apathy 无感情,无兴趣,冷漠(=
indifference)
pathology 病理学,病理,病变delusion 迷惑,欺瞒vs. illusion disorientation 迷失(dis + orientation)~
disoriented
pervert 使反常/变态反常/变态者
introspection 内省vs. retrospection 回顾,反省
sublimation 纯化,升华
personality = personal characteristics multiple personality 多重人格innate 天赋的in + nate (nature)= inborn,
congenital attribute 属性trait 特征,品质national traits 国民性
vs.
traitor 叛逆者
4.语言5.科技
ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent omniscient, omnipotent
versatile (人)多才多艺的,(物)通用的alchemy 炼金术transmute 变形,变质arduous 艰巨的=strenuous pitfall 陷阱,未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金
aluminum = aluminium (BE)
calcium,
uranium, radium, copper, brass, bronze
electrode 电极
distill 蒸馏distilled water quartz 石英
phosphorus 磷,磷光物质inflammable 易燃的
combustion 燃烧spontaneous combustion ceramic 陶瓷的瓷器
insulate 隔离,绝缘insulator vs. conductor fiber 纤维(BE: fibre)fiber optics 纤维光学optics 光学retina 视网膜iris 虹膜
opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucent microprocessor 微处理器binary 二进制的
buffer 缓冲区buffer storage browser 浏览器hypertext 超文本envisage 想象,看作
momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentary reticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网
domain 域domain names cyberlaw 网络法律“cyber-”: Internet related
cyberlove, cybercafe, …
patent 专利
chronological 按时间顺序的robot 机器人
artificial 人造的,做作的artificial satellite cone 圆锥体,锥形物
Jupiter 木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn
exorbitant 过度的,过分的,过高的centripetal 向心(力)的centrifugal high-rise 高楼skyscraper
cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶
infrastructure 基础设施superstructure
sewage 污水,下水道hydraulic 水力的,水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地) ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器thermos, thermometer, thermonuclear prefabricate 预先制造polytechnic 各种工艺的理工学校
Hong
Kong Polytechnic
geometric 几何(学)的geometry asymmetry 不对称symmetry concave 凹的convex bilateral 双边的,两方面的
unilateral
paradoxical 似非而是“”的paradox 悖论empirical 经验的empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针的
anticlockwise
6.社会与历史
homogeneous 同质的vs. homosexual,
heterosexual
mainstream 主流,主流的dialect 方言(vs. accent) discrepancy 差异
misconception 误解(mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding
barrier 障碍(物) = barricade discrimination 区别,歧视
racial/sexual discrimination
hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质
*British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity. microcosm 小天地nostalgia = homesickness patriot 爱国者
compatriot 同胞,同胞的
com + patriot
vernacular 本地的,本国的本地话,本国话*the vernacular languages of India
immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigrate v.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)
Antipodes 澳大利亚和新西兰(非正式用法)permeate 渗透,弥漫*Smoke permeated the house.
entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者,从业者celebrity 名人luminary, VIP proxy 代理人anecdote 轶事
notoriety 恶名notorious counterpart 对应人,对等物*Who’s George
Bush’s counterpart in China? (Hu Jintao ^ ^) peer 同等的人
凝视,窥视
subordinate 下级,下级的
tactics 战术,技巧vs. strategy (战略,策略) marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance 细微差别benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的,守时的absenteeism 旷工flextime 弹性工作时间
harass 骚扰
harassment *Mary said that
Gary had sexually harassed her.
redundancy 冗余,冗员network redundancy downsize 裁员(~ lay off) ballot 投票(= vote) impartial 不偏不倚的lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)
shortlist (BE) (供最后挑选或考虑的)候选人名单
equilibrium 平衡,均衡questionnaire 调查表,问卷quantitative 定量的vs. qualitative contingency 偶然性,偶然事件
incur 招致incur debts/hatred/danger vs. occur, concur, recur
ethical 伦理的,符合伦理的dubious 疑惑的,可疑的*People were
dubious about the result.manifestation 显示,证明
manifest
subtitle 字幕,副标题subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts) dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚= chic
bizarre 奇异的vs. weird (怪异的) mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家
7.教育
accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board lodging 寄宿(处) lease 出租“for lease”, v.s. rent “to let
”
tenant 房客,佃户landlord 房东landlady 房东太太
tenant
租客
housemate,roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmate
dormitory 寝室dorm
au pair为换取房间、住处、及学习某家语言的机会而为该家做家务的年轻外国人reciprocal 相互的,互惠的
hostel 宿舍,客栈youth hostel青年旅馆real estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhood flat 平的,瘪的flat tire公寓= apartment vs. condo, studio bond = deposit
linen 亚麻的亚麻织品,床单= bed linen utensil 器皿
stationery 文具vs. stationary 固定的laundry 洗衣,洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅= canteen cater 满足(需要) aerobics 有氧健身操
“aero”: air
badminton 羽毛球(运动) baseball 棒球baseball bat squash 壁球(运动) amateur vs. professional
gathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunion excursion 远足= outing, expedition
commonwealth 共和国,联邦Commonwealth英联邦tertiary 第三的
post-secondary postgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwar
illiterate 文盲不识字的literacy discipline 学科,纪律v.s. subject terminology 术语
faculty (大学的)系、科,全部教员dean (大学)教务长
curriculum 课程extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲
calendar 日历,日程schedule, agenda,
timetable
compulsory 强制的,必修的elective 选修的examiner vs. examinee recruit 招生,招募recruitment= enroll prestige 声望,威信prestigious
esteem 尊敬n. & v.
aptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Test matriculation 录取入学
vocation 职业= calling, occupation, career abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge 缩短,删节transferable (学分等)可转换的scholarship 奖学金= fellowship
tutorial 辅导(课) tutor = lecturer, instructor pedagogue 教员,学究pedagogy 教育学,教学法
lexicography 词典编撰assignment 任务,(课外)作业dissertation 论文(= thesis) credential 证明,文凭
credentials
alumni 校友(男) vs. alumnae overestimate 高估vs. underestimate decipher 解码,解释= decode
caliber 才干
火山爆发
abundant adj. 丰富的,富余的accretion n. 增长
accumulation n. 积聚,堆积物active volcano 活火山
Alaska Volcano Observatory 阿拉斯加州火山观察站
Aleutian Islands 阿留申群岛(环布于阿拉斯加半岛尖端的弧形岛屿)
alternating layers of lava flows 熔岩流的交互叠层
aluminum n. [化]铝Archean adj. [地质]太古代的Archeology n. 考古学ascending adj. 上升的,向上的ash particle 灰烬微粒avalanche n.&v. 雪崩
awesome adj. 引起敬畏的,可怕的basaltic lava 玄武岩火山石basin-shaped adj. 盆状的beat out 敲平
belated adj. 误期的,迟来的blacksmith n. 铁匠blanket n. 毯子,覆盖
blast n. 一股(气流),爆炸,冲击波blob n. 一滴,水滴
blocky adj. 短而结实的,斑驳的bombs n. 火山口喷出的大堆球状熔岩bowl-shaped crater 碗型的火山口bubble n. 泡沫bulbous adj. 球根的buoyancy n. 浮性,浮力calcium n. [化]钙(元素符号ca)
caldera n. [地质]喷火山口,凹陷处
carbon dioxide [化] 二氧化碳carbonated soft drink 碳酸饮料Caribbean n. 加勒比海
catastrophic adj. 悲惨的,灾难的chimney n. 烟囱,灯罩
cinder cone 火山渣形成的圆锥体circular depression 圆形的凹陷circular adj. 圆形的,循环的composite volcano 复式火山conduit n. 导管,沟渠conduit system 沟渠系统
cone n. 锥形物,圆锥体
congeal v. (使)冻结,(使)凝结conical hill 圆锥型的小山
Cotopaxi n. 科多帕希火山(在厄瓜多尔北部)
coulee n. 深谷,[地质]熔岩流craggy adj. 陡峭的crater n. 坑
crumple v. 弄皱,压皱crystal adj. 结晶状的;n.晶体crystalline adj. 水晶的crystallization n. 结晶化cubic kilometer 立方公里debris n. 碎片,残骸demolish vt. 毁坏,破坏
dense clouds of lava fragments 浓密的火山岩碎片
descend on 袭击destructive power 破坏力devastate vt. 毁坏diameter n. 直径dike n. 堤防
dissolved gases 稀释的气体dome n. 圆屋顶domical shape 圆顶型dormancy n. 睡眠,冬眠dormant adj. 睡眠状态的,静止的downslope adj. 下坡的;adv.向着坡下
Earth's crust 地壳
ejected material 喷射出来的物质elongate v. 拉长,(使)伸长embedded adj. 植入的,内含的
emission n. (光、热等的)散发,发射,喷射
Enceladus n. 土卫[希神]恩克拉多斯(反叛众神的巨人)
eon n. 永世,无数的年代erosion n. 腐蚀,侵蚀
formation of cone 火山口的形成lava flow 熔岩流eruption n. 爆发,火山灰evacuate v. 撤退
evolve v.(使)发展,(使)进展exhume vt. 掘出,发射
fannning n. 铺开,展开fertile adj. 肥沃的,富饶的fissure n. 裂缝,裂沟flank n. 侧面
flooding n. 泛滥,水灾fluid lava flow 流动的熔岩流folding adj. 可折叠的
force of gravity 重力,地心引力forge v. 铸造fracture n. 破裂fragment n. 碎片,断片froth n. 泡沫,废物
Fuji n. 富士山(在日本本州岛上的死火山)funnel-shaped crater 漏斗型的火山口gas pressure 气压
gaseous adj.气体的,气态的
geologic adj. 地质(学)的,地质(学)上的
geologist n. 地质学者geophysicist n. 地球物理学者glassy adj. 像玻璃的
granitic adj. 花岗石的,由花岗岩形成的hemisphere n. 半球high-velocity adj. 高速的igneous adj. 火的,似火的[地]火成的
imaging n.[计]成像
imperceptible adj. 觉察不到的,感觉不到的,极细微的
incandescent adj.遇热发光的,白炽的inferno n. 阴间,地狱ingredient n. 成分,因素interfere with 妨碍intermittently adv. 间歇地island chain 列岛Jupiter n. 木星
Kamchatka n. 勘察加半岛(苏联东北部)landscape n. 风景,地形landslide n.[山崩],崩塌的泥石lava dome 圆顶火山lava plateau 火山岩高地lava n. 熔岩,火山岩linear chain 线形链
live in harmony with 与......和睦相处magma n. 岩浆
magnesium n.[化]镁magnitude n. 量级
majestic adj. 宏伟的,庄严的manganese n. 锰(元素符号为Mn)
mantle composition 覆盖物的成分
Mercury n. 水星
molten v. 溶化;adj. 熔铸的monitor n. 监视器,监控mudflow n.[地] 泥流Neptune n. [天]海王星
non-explosive lava flows 非爆炸性的火山岩流
oval adj. 卵形的,椭圆的oxygen n.[化]氧particle n. 粒子,微粒pasty adj.浆状的
Pele, Goddess of Volcanoes 火山女神pent adj.被关闭的,郁积的
periodic violent unleashing 周期性的猛烈释放
plain n. 平原,草原planetary probe 行星探测器planetary scientist 行星科学家Pompeii n. 庞培(意大利古都,公元79年
火山爆发,全城淹没)population density 人口密度potassium n. [化]钾
precipitate n. 沉淀物;v. 使沉淀precursory adj. 预示的,先驱的probe n. 探测器
profile n. 剖面,侧面,外形project v. 凸出
prominent adj. 显著的,突出的property damage 财务损坏pumice n. 轻石,浮石
pyroclastic flow [地质]火成碎屑流,火山灰流
quench v. 熄灭,平息reawaken v. 再度觉醒reemergence n. 再度出现reminder n. 提醒的人,暗示reservoir n. 水库,蓄水池resurgent adj. 复活的rift zone 断裂区
Saturn n. [天]土星sculpt v. 雕刻,造型
seismograph n. 地震仪,测震仪shatter n. 粉碎,碎片;vt. 粉碎,破坏shield volcano 盾状火山Sierra Nevada 内华达山脉silicate n.[化] 硅酸盐silicon n. [化] 硅
sloping cone 有坡度的圆锥体sodium n.[化]钠solar system [天]太阳系solidification n. 凝固solidify v.(使)凝固,巩固spine n. 脊骨,地面隆起地带spiteful adj. 怀恨的,恶意的
steep-sided, symmetrical cone 陡峭和对称的圆锥体
steep-walled adj. 峭壁的stratospheric winds 同温层风stratovolcanoes n. 层云火山succession n. 连续,连续性sulfur dioxide n. [化]二氧化碳summit n. 顶点
supernatural adj. 超自然的,神奇的sustain vt.支撑,撑住,维持swarm n. 一大群
swelling n. 河水猛涨,涨水telltale remnant 证据性的残余物terrane n. 岩石
Titan n.[希腊]提坦,太阳神titanium n.[化]钛trace n. 微量
Triton n. 海卫,[希神]人身鱼尾的海神tsunami n. 海啸uplift v.& n.升起
vegetation n. [植]植被,(总称)植物ventilated adj. 通风的vent n. 通风孔,出烟孔,出口Venus n. [罗神]维纳斯,[天]金星Vesuvius n. 维苏威火山(位于意大利西南部,欧洲惟一的活火山)viscous adj.粘性的,粘滞的volcanic activity 火山活动volcanic ash and dust 火山灰尘
volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic cinders 火山灰volcanic dust 火山尘土volcanic eruption 火山爆发volcanic feature 火山特征volcanic landform 火山地形volcanic lava dome 火山岩圆顶volcanic terrain 火山地形volcanic vent 火山口volcanism n. 火山作用volcano n. 火山
volcanologist n. 火山学家weathering n. 侵蚀,风化whopping adj. 巨大的,庞大的wrathful adj. 愤怒的,激怒的
Yosemite National Park (美国加利福尼亚州中部)约塞米蒂国家公园zircon n. 锆石
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