英语语音的基本常识及练习题

语音的基本常识

1. 关于语音的几个概念

1. 1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2) 音标：词的语音形式。

3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 读音规则

1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 3. 特殊读音

1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year, 4）浊化音

以sp__, st___, sk___开头的单词清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/。

4. 重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy,

oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,

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in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic,

mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.

d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.

f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening E)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself. 英语国际标准音标练习 单元音元音 (20个) 12个 双元音8个 辅音 (28个) 前 元 音(4个) 后 元 音(5个) 中 元 音(3个) 合口双元音(5个) 集中双元音(3个) [i:] [ɑ:] [ʌ] [ei] [iə] [p] [b] [m] [i] [ɔ:] [ə:] [əu] [uə] [t] [d] [n] [e] [ɔ] [ə] [ai] [ɛə] [k] [g] [ŋ] [æ] [u:] [au] [f] [v] [j] [u] [ɔi] [s] [z] [w] [θ] [ð] [r] [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [dz] [h] [l] 清 辅 音(11个) 浊 辅 音(17个) [dʒ] [dr]

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/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/

/i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/

/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/

/æ/ fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/ back/bæk/ hat/hæt/

/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/

/ ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t/

/ ɔ / dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/ what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist/

/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/

/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/

/ ʌ / must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm/

/ə:/ nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/ turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l/

/ə / better/betə/ never/nevə/ worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm/

/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ/

/əu/ no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz/

/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/

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/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/

/ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/ boil spoil

/iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə/

/εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/ðεə/

/uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə/

/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə/ /t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/ /d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə/

/k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit/ /v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə/ /θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)

thought/θɔ:t/ author/´ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ/

/ð/ the/ ðə/ they/ðei/ that/ðæt/ mother/′mʌðə/ thus/ ðʌs/ then/ðen/

/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/ /z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/

/tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/tʃlindʒ/

/dʒ/ orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/træk/

/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid/ /ʃ/ she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/ shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu:/ /ʒ/ pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən/

/ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/

/dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/

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/m/ my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /ŋ/ sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/ long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl/

/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/ 音标综合练习

1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /pæk/ /gæp/ /kæg/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /′setl/ /træʃ/ /di′pend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/ /a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /ɔd/ /lɔ:n/ /nɔ:t/ /pɔ:z/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/ /lɔ:d/ /tɔ:/ /stɔ:m/ /pɔt/ /krɔp/ /θɔt/ /prɔmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/ hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/ /bʌz/ /dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /bə:′lesk/ /′mə:də/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/ /viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia /mətiəriəl/ /mistiəriəs/ material mysterious 5./θ/ /ð/ /mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves

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一. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词(每题2分,共20分)

( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach ( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map ( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party ( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good ( ) 5. A. book B. moody C. look D. cook ( ) 6. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu ( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly ( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over ( ) 9. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot ( ) 10.A. like B. lion C. pizza D. Friday （ ）11．A．too

B．classroom

C．broom D．afternoon

D．sister D．licence

D．please D．where

（ ）12．A．houses B．spell C．student C．doctor

（ ）13．A．colour B．American （ ）14．A．teacher

B．seat

C．sweater C．what

（ ）15．A．which B．who （ ）16．A．little B．thing （ ）17．A．yellow B．brown （ ）18．A．worry B．sky

C．white D．with D．know

D．many

C．window

C．only （ ）19．A．school B．chair （ ）20．A．these B．they

C．China

D．much D．three

C．brother

( )21. A. brother B. come C. police D .mothers ( )22. A .cinema B. climb C. sister D. film ( )23. A. these B. bath C. think D .health ( )24 . A. morning B. color C. work D. doctor ( )25. A. basement B. favorite C. basket D. table ( )26. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps ( )27. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about ( )28. A. beach B. meal C. theatre D. leave ( )29. A. how B. snow C. tomorrow D. own ( )30. A. large B. language C. giraffe D. great

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二．根据音标写单词：

[blu:] [da:ns] [mu:n] [fa:] [laik] [geit]

[tju:b] [flai] [lend]

[priti] [lesn ] [hæpi ] [fæmili] [plei] [fɔks] [tə′geðə] [meni] [taigə] 三．在单词音标的下面写出单词： 1单元音： 2、双元音：

3、清、浊辅音：

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