Synopsis
The /etc/asterisk/zapata.conf file contains parameters relating to channels provided by thezaptel interface layer. Channels must be defined in this file before they can be used by Asterisk. Inaddition, a number of features relating to Asterisk's operation of the channels may be configured here.Arrangement
The /etc/asterisk/zapata.conf file consists of keyword and value pairs. Keywords set
parameters for the operation of channels. They may be boolean (yes/no) or contain values specific tothe keyword. Most keywords set parameters for the operation of channels. Values remain in effect forall following channel definitions until they are overidden.
Keywords
These keywords are available in /etc/asterisk/zapata.conf.
context: Defines the initial context for the channel. This will be the context available to the channelupon the initiation of a call. Note that contexts are an important part of maintaining site security. Theinitial context will govern the availability of extensions to a given channel. If an extension is placed in adifferent context from the initial context, that extension is unavailable to the caller.
Note: Careless use of contexts can allow open access to billable services and internal features.channel: Define a channel or range of channels. Each channel definition will inherit all options statedahead of it in the file.
Exampleschannel => 2channel => 1-8
group: Allows a number of channels to be treated as one for the purpose of dialing. For dialing out,the channels will be called on a first available basis. For the purpose of ringing stations, all channels inthe group will ring at once. Takes an integer.
switchtype: Sets the type of signalling used for a PRI line.Values available for switchtype are:
national:dms100:4ess:5ess:euroisdn:Exampleswitchtype
=> nationalNational ISDNNortel DMS100AT&T 4ESSLucent 5ESSEuroISDN
pri_dialplan: Sets an option required for some (rare) switches that require a dialplan parameter to bepassed. This option is ignored by most PRI switches. It may be necessary on a few pieces of
hardware. Valid options are unknown, local, private, national, and international. This option can almostalways be left unset.
signalling: Sets the signaling type for following channel definitions. These should follow the channelsas defined in /etc/zaptel.conf. Correct choices are based on the hardware available. Asterisk will fail tostart if a channel signaling definition is incorrect or unworkable, if the statements do not matchzaptel.conf, or if the device is not present or properly configured.Values available for signalling are:
Note: Analog phone signalling can be a source of some confusion. FXS channels are signalled with FXO signalling, and vice versa. Asterisk 'talks' to internal devices as the
opposite side. An FXO interface card is signalled with FXS signalling by Asterisk, and should beconfigured as such.
fxo_ks: Use FXO Kewlstart signalling. Used to signal an FXS device within the system, which would normally drive a handset or other station device.
fxs_ks: The opposite side of fxo_ks. To signal an internal (or T1 connected) FXO device.fxo_gs: Use FXO groundstart signalling. fxs_gs: Use FXS groundstart signalling.fxo_ls: Use FXO loopstart signallingfxs_ls: Use FXS loopstart signalling
pri_cpe: Use PRI signalling, customer equipment side. Used when terminating a PRI line into Asterisk channels.
pri_net: Use PRI signalling, network side.em: Use E&M signalling
em_w: Use E&M wink signalling
featd: Feature Group D, Adtran compatible. For use with the Atlas and similar equipment madeby Adtran.
featdmf: standard Feature Group D.
featb: Feature Group BExamples
signalling => fxs_kssignalling => featdAnalog Call Progress
These items are used to attempt to emulate having a smarter line (like a PRI) that gives us callprogress information, when using analog channels that don't pass us any digital information.busydetect: Attempt to detect a standard busy signal on analog (FXS and FXO) or certain T1
signalling types (E&M, Wink, Feature Group D). This option can be used to determine when to hangup a call or to have Asterisk handle the busy condition internally. Takes 'yes' or 'no'.
callprogress: Used in combination with an incoming telephone line, enabling call progress will casueAsterisk to attempt to monitor the state of the call, and detect ringing, busy, and answered line. Notethat this is not explicitly supported by the line technology, and is subject to errors, especially falseanswer detection. This only works with US phone tones at this time. Takes yes or no. Multi-link PPP Options (for PRI, requires network support)
These options are used to set adjust multi-link PPP options on PRI lines that support it. Multi-link PPPis a technology that allows channels on a PRI to be dynamically allocated between voice and data.Asterisk can take voice channels allocated to it, dial a Remote Access Server, and dump the channelsinto a special extension that delivers the channel to the zaptel data layer. See ZapRAS.
minunused: The minimum number of unused channels available. If there are fewer channels
available, Asterisk will not attempt to bundle any channels and give them to the data connection. Takesan integer.
minidle: The minimum number of idle channels to bundle for the data link. Asterisk will keep thisnumber of channels open for data, rather than taking them back for voice channels when needed.Takes an integer.
idledial: The number to dial as the idle number. This is typically the number to dial a Remote AccessServer (RAS). Channels being idled for data will be sent to this extension. Takes an integer that doesnot conflict with any other extension in the dialplan, and has been defined as an idleext.
idleext: The extension to use as the idle extension. Takes a value in the form of 'exten@context'.Typically, the extension would be an extension to run the application ZapRAS.
Example
minunused => 2minidle => 1
idleext => 6999@idleidledial => 6999
Timing Parameters
These keywords are used only with (non-PRI) T1 lines. All values are in milliseconds. These do notneed to be set in most configurations, as the defaults work with most hardware. It has been noted thatthe common Adtran Atlas uses long winks of about 300 milliseconds, and channels from them shouldbe configured accordingly.
prewink: preflash: Sets the pre-wink timing.wink: Sets the pre-flash timing.rxwink: Sets the wink timing.
rxflash: Sets the receive wink timing.flash: Sets the receive flash timing.start:Sets the flash timing.debounce: Sets the start timing.
Sets the debounce timing.
Examplesrxwink => 300prewink => 20Caller ID Options
These keywords set various Caller ID options, including turning certain features off and setting thecaller ID string for channels. Most caller ID features default to on.The following three options are boolean (yes/no).
usecallerid: hidecallerid:Disables or enables caller ID transmission for the following channels. calleridcallwaiting: Sets whether to hide outgoing caller ID. Defaults to no.
Sets whether to receive caller ID during call waiting indication.
Example
usecallerid => yeshidecallerid => no
callerid: containing the name and phone number to be supplied as caller ID. Caller can be set to 'asreceived' onSets the caller ID string for a given channel. This keyword takes a properly formatted string
trunk interfaces to pass the received callerid forward.
Note: such as a PRI. It is not possible to set external caller ID on analog lines. On supported Caller ID can only be transmitted to the public phone network with supported hardware, systems, the phone company only receives the number, and supplies the name from their records.
Examples
callerid => \"Mark Spencer\" <256 428-6000>callerid => asreceivedOther Call Feature Options
These options enable or disable the availability of advanced call features offered by Asterisk such asthree-way calling and call forwarding on FXS interfaces. All of these options are boolean (yes/no).threewaycalling: Sets whether to allow three-way calling from the channel.
cancallforward: Disables or enables call forwarding. Call forwarding is activated with *72 anddeactivated with *73.
transfer: Disables or enables call transferring.
immediate: Sets whether asterisk should answer the channel immediately upon pickup, withoutwaiting for input.
adsi: Sets the channel to be treated as an ADSI. The ADSI specification is system similar to caller IDto pass encoded information to an analog handset. It allows the creation of interactive visual menus onan LED display, offering access to services such as voicemail through a textual or (low-resolution)graphical interface.
Audio Quality Tuning Options
These options adjust certain parameters of Asterisk that affect the audio quality of Zapata channels.echocancel: Disable or enable echo cancellation. In almost every configuration it is recommendedthat this be loft on (or left unstated, as the default is always on.) Takes 'yes' or 'no'.
echocancelwhenbridged:? Enables or disables echo cancellation during a bridged call. Should beset on or left unset. Takes 'yes' or 'no'.
rxgain: Adjusts receive gain. This can be used to raise or lower the incoming volume to compensatefor hardware differences. Takes a percentage of capacity, from -100% to +100%
txgain: Adjusts transmit. This can be used to raise or lower the outgoing volume to compensate forhardware differences. Takes the same argument as rxgain.
Examples
echocancel => yes
echocancelwhenbridged => norxgain => 20%
Call Logging Options
These options change the way calls are recorded in the call detail records generated by Asterisk.amaflags: Sets the AMA flags, affecting the categorization of entries in the call detail records. Acceptsthese values:
billing: Mark the entry for billing
documentation: Mark the entry for documentation.omit: Do not record calls.
default: Sets the system default.Miscellaneous Options
There are a few other keywords that don't fit neatly into the previous categories.
mailbox: This keyword can be set to allow Asterisk to offer an audible (and visual, if supported by thehandset) message waiting indication when the station handset is picked up. When the mailboxkeyword is defined and an unheard message exists in the associated Inbox, Asterisk will produce astutter dialtone for one seconds after the phone is picked up. On supported hardware, the messagewaiting light will be activated. Takes as an argument a mailbox number (which must be defined invoicemail.conf).
language: Turn on internationalization and set the language. This feature will set all system
messages to a given language. Though the feature is prepared, English is the only language that hasbeen completely recorded for the default Asterisk installation.
stripmsd: Strip the 'Most Significant Digit,' the first digit or digits from all calls originated on thechannels. Takes as an argument the number of digits to strip. This option is deprecated, see theapplication 'StripMSD' for this functionality.Complete File Example
This is a complete example of a functional zapata.conf file. It is based on an 8 FXO by 16 FXS T1channel bank.[channels]
;set the FXO's in a group so we can dial out of them;on a first-available basisgroup => 1
;set the correct context for our dialout linescontext => pstn
;set the signalling (remember that we signal fxs channels
;with fxo, and vice versa)signalling => fxs_ls
;set the AMA flags for clarity in the logsamaflags => documentation
;define the channels that will be covered by the previous;declarations (in this case all of our FXO's)channel => 1-8
;reset the group, so we don't send outgoing calls to ;the internal linesgroup => 2
;change the context, so we can allow greater access to;services to internal userscontext => internal
;set the signalling on the station lines (fxs)signalling => fxo_ks
;set a mailbox number on the following channelsmailbox => 1234
;set the callerid string (though since we don't have a PRI;it's only seen inside, not on the PSTN.)callerid => \"Dave Schools\" <256 555 1234>;and state the channel this will apply tochannel => 9
;continue and state more channels with mailbox indication;and caller id strings
mailbox => 1235
callerid => \"Michael Houser\" <256 555 1235>channel => 10
mailbox => 1236
callerid => \"John Bell\" <256 555 1236>channel => 11
mailbox => 1237
callerid => \"Grace Slick\" <256 555 1237>channel => 12
;remember the downward inheritance of options.
;if the next channel doesn't have a voicemail box, we need
;to set a garbage string, or he'll know whenever;Grace has a message. Also the callerid should be;nulled as wellmailbox => 0000callerid => \"\"<>
;define a bunch of channels with no other optionschannel => 13-22
;Put this phone in a different context, so we can give it; a different initial dialplan...perhaps a lobby phone ;with public access
context => lobby
callerid => \"Lobby\" <5000>channel => 23
;and turn the callerid offcallerid => \"\"<>
;we can create a 'hotline' phone by placing a phone in a special context;and setting it to answer immediately. In extensions.conf we can route;the phone to an IVR, direct to security, or make it call Steak-Outcontext => hotlineimmediate => yeschannel => 24
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