就业形势严峻 年轻人如何面对-

就业形势严峻 年轻人如何面对?

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The unemployment rate among recent college graduates hit 10.6% in the third quarter, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That means companies have room to be more selective.

美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的数据显示，第三季度美国应届大学毕业生的失业率为10.6%。这意味着各家公司有余地更加精挑细选。

Forget wading through three or four interviews for one position. More employers are holding as many as nine or 10 interviews, says D.A. Hayden, a career counselor at Boston-based counseling firm Hayden-Wilder.

忘掉经过三、四轮的面试后获得一个职位的年月吧。波士顿咨询公司Hayden-Wilder的职业顾问海登(D.A. Hayden)说，现在更多的雇主都会进行至多9或10次的面试。

Some applicants are being asked to prepare oral presentations, so it's more important than ever to be well versed in the company and what it expects in an employee.

现在，一些求职者被要求准备口头陈述，因此现在求职时，对公司情况以及公司对雇员的要求拥有良好了解比以往任何时候都重要。

And while a strong résumé and education still carry weight, a large portion of people hired recently have personal connections to a company, Ms. Hayden says. 'For years, people have been saying networking, networking, networking. If there ever was a time that was true, it's now.'

海登说，虽然漂亮的简历和学历仍然很重要，但在最近受聘的人中，很大一部分都在公司有认识的人。他说，人们多年以来一直在强调人际关系。如果说关系真的在什么时候那么重要的话，那就是现在。

To meet people in your field, consider taking on a volunteer or intern position. If you can't afford to work for free, pair the internship or volunteer work with a side job that pays the bills. Connections you make could be more effective than sending out mass job applications online, some career experts say.

要想在你欲求职的领域结交人，你可以考虑下无偿工作或是实习职位。如果免费工作不能负担你的生活成本，那么在做实习生或自愿者之外，找份兼职负担生活费用。一些求职专家说，你所建立的关系可能比在网上大量发送求职信更加有用。

Many twentysomethings have spent the past few years working toward a career in an industry that isn't as lucrative or in demand as it used to be. To make the most of their skills and education, they'll need to rework goals and market themselves differently. For instance, a finance major may want to emphasize a proficiency in math that can be applied to data analysis for a research firm or for a small business, Ms. Hayden says.

Less Now, More Later

很多二十多岁的人过去几年一直为着某个行业的职业而努力，但现在这个职业已经不再像过去那样收入丰厚或是用人需求萎缩。为了充分利用他们的技能和学识，他们需要重新设定目标，并以不同的方式推销自己。海登说，举例来说，金融专业学生可能希望强调自己精通数学，这个技能能在研究公司或小企业的数据分析中用的上。

Salary freezes, pay cuts and lower starting pay became the norm in 2009. Starting salaries for recent college graduates are down 1.2% from 2008, according to the National Association of Colleges and Employers.

薪酬冻结、接受降薪和更低的起薪在2009年成为了常态。美国大学与雇主协会(National Association of Colleges and Employers)的数据显示，应届大学毕业生的起薪比2008年下降了1.2%。

While companies might ease into pay raises next year, they probably won't make up for past reductions, says Ed Rataj, a compensation consultant at CBIZ Human Capital Services, a human-resources consulting firm.

人力资源咨询公司CBIZ Human Capital Services的薪酬顾问拉特贾(Ed Rataj)说，虽然明年各家公司可能会加薪，但这可能不足以抵消过去的降薪。

These days, 'you're not going to be making $60,000 to $70,000 when you graduate from college,' says Ms. Hayden.

海登说，现在的大学毕业生拿不到6-7万美元的年薪了。

And using a competing job offer -- if you can get one -- to negotiate a higher salary is unlikely to work. With fewer jobs around today, younger workers should focus more on future, instead of immediate, earnings, some compensation experts say.

而且，用另外一份竞争性的工作邀请──如果你拿得到的话──来谈判要求较高的薪水，这招不太可能管用。一些薪酬专家说，由于现在就业机会较少，年轻人应当更注重未来，而不是薪水等眼前利益。

You can prepare yourself to catch up in salary after the economy picks up by taking on new responsibilities and emphasizing the value you bring to the company, says Mr. Rataj.

拉特贾说，你可以承担新的工作职责，强调你给公司带来的价值，为经济回升之后要求加薪做好准备。

Whether you're already employed or just got an offer, ask about setting a date -- six months or a year from now -- to re-evaluate your salary. 'We can fight for scraps this year,' Mr. Rataj says, 'or we can position ourselves to fight for a bigger piece of a larger pie next year.'

无论你已经有工作或是刚刚受聘，你可以要求设定一个时间──6个月或是一年之后──重新评估你的薪水。拉特贾说，我们可以在今年争取些蝇头小利，或者我们也可以做好准

备，在明年的一个更大蛋糕中要求得到更大一块。