11.
运 输 在国际货物运输中采用最广的运输方式是远洋运输（ocean shipping），其运量在国际货物运输中占80%以上。远洋运输的运送速度是所有货物运输方式中最慢的一种，但是其具有运量大，费用低，通过能力大等的优点。所以仍被广泛采用。以下简要介绍一下远洋运输的方式：
集装箱运输
集装箱运输是指将一定数量的单件货物装进集装箱内进行的运输。船舶在特定的航线上，按照公布的船期进行规则的、反复的航行运输。普通集装箱的尺寸有两种：20尺和40尺，20尺的容积为33立方米，限重21吨；40尺的容积为67立方米，限重26吨。不足整箱的，按拼箱走。
拼箱运输
拼箱方式是指承运人或其代理人根据货类性质和目的地，将分属不同货主但流向相同(去同一目的地)的两票或两票以上的货物分类整理后，集中拼装在一个集装箱内，经海关检验并对集装箱施加铅封后予以运输。
班轮运输
班轮运输又称定期船运输。是指船舶按事先制定的船期表(时间表)在特定的航线上，以既定的挂靠港口顺序，经常地从事航线上各港间的船舶运输。班轮运输的费率也相对固定。
班轮运输可分为两种形式：
(1)核心班轮:即定线定期班轮,是指船舶严格按照预先公布的船期表运行,到离港口的时间是固定不变的也就是所谓真正的定线定期班轮运输。这是班轮运输的主要形式。
(2)另一种是定线不一定定期。是指虽有船期表，但船舶到离港口的时间有一定的伸缩性；也有固定的始发港和终到港，但中途挂靠港则视货源情况可能有所增减。
租船运输
当前国际上普遍采用的远洋船舶的运营方式可分为两大类，即班轮运输和租船运输。
租船运输又称不定期船运输，是相对于班轮运输，即定期船运输而言的另一种远洋船舶的运营方式。它和班轮运输不同，没有事先制定的船期表、航线、挂靠港口也不固定，具有漂泊流浪的特点。
常用词汇和短语
Shipment: (强调所运货物) 发货；运货；送货 / 发货量；载货量
Shipping: （强调运输这个动作） 船运，航运 / 船，船舶（总称） / 船舶运输业；航运业 / 运输；运送
轮船steamship（缩写S.S） 装运、装船shipment
租船charter（the chartered ship） 交货时间 time of delivery
定程租船voyage charter 装运期限time of shipment
定期租船time charter shipper, consignor
收货人consignee shipping liner
驳船lighter shipping space
油轮tanker clearance of goods
陆运收据cargo receipt take delivery of goods
空运提单airway bill original B\\L
选择港（任意港）optional port optional charges
托运人（一般指出口商） 班轮regular 舱位 报关 提货to 正本提单 选港费
海运费 ocean freight 集卡运费、短驳费 Drayage
订舱费 booking charge 报关费 customs clearance fee
操作劳务费 labour fee or handling charge 费 exchange fee for CIP
换单费 D/O fee De-vanning charge
港杂费 port sur-charge customs inspection fee 滞期费 demurrage charge
进出库费 warehouse in/out charge container stuffing charge
滞箱费 container detention charge cartage fee
商检费 commodity inspection fee transportation charge
污箱费 container dirtyness change 商检换单 拆箱费 海关查验费
待时费 waiting charge 提箱费 卡车运费 转运费 坏箱费用
container damage charge
清洁箱费 container clearance charge 电汇手续费 T/T fee
转境费/过境费 I/E bonded charge 空运提单费 airway bill fee
空运费 air freight 机场费 air terminal charge
FSC (燃油附加费) fuel surcharge SCC（安全附加费） security sur-charge
常用表达方式
选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers或 optional charges for Buyers' account
一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment
一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.
一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment
在……（时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots
在……（时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots
分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments
分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments
立即装运 immediate shipments
即期装运 prompt shipments
收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C
The Stipulation for Shipping Terms
1. loading port and destination装运港与目的港
(1) despatch/shipment from Chinese port to… 从中国港口发送/装运往……
(2) evidencing shipment from China to…CFR by steamer in transit Saudi Arabia not later than 15th July, 1987 of the goods specified below 列明下面的货物按成本加运费价格用轮船不得迟于1987年7月15日从中国通过沙特阿拉伯装运到……
2.shipping instruction 装船要求
(1) be ready for shipment 备妥装运
(2) ship goods by s.s. (M.V.) s.s. steamship /steam ship 货船 M.V. Merchant Vessel 商船
(3) book shipping space 订舱位
(4) within the stipulated time 在规定的时间内
(5) effect shipment 装运
(6) advance shipment 提前装运
(7) postpone shipment 延迟装运
(8) mark 刷唛
(9) be permitted 允许
(10) instead of … as 不像…如
3.date of shipment 装船期
(1) bills of lading must be dated not later than August 15, 1987 提单日期不得迟于1987年8月15日
(2) shipment must be effected not later than(or on)July 30,1987 货物不得迟于（或于）1987年7月30日装运
(3) shipment latest date… 最迟装运日期：……
(4) evidencing shipment/despatch on or before… 列明货物在…年…月…日或在该日以前装运/发送
(5) from China port to … not later than 31st August, 1987 不迟于1987年8月31日从中国港口至……
4.partial shipments and transhipment 分运与转运
(1) partial shipments are (not) permitted （不）允许分运
(2) partial shipments (are) allowed (prohibited) 准许（不准）分运
(3) without transhipment 不允许转运
(4) transhipment at Hongkong allowed 允许在香港转船
(5) partial shipments are permissible, transhipment is allowed except at… 允许分运，除在……外允许转运
(6) partial/prorate shipments are permitted 允许分运/按比例装运
(7) transhipment are permitted at any port against, through B/lading 凭联运提单允许在任何港口转运
(8) partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable不允许分批装船
5. shipments advice 装船通知
(1) advise (infirm, notify) sb. 通知某人
(2) be transshipped (at) … 在…地方转船
(3) make a partial shipment 分批装运
6. shipping documents装运单据
(1) shipping documents covering…. ….的装船单据
(2) be sent through…. bank 由….银行转送
(3) be airmailed 空邮
例 句
1. We trust you will make all necessary arrangement to deliver the goods in time.
2. We hope that by the time you receive this letter, you will have the goods ready for shipment.
3. Please make your best efforts to get the goods dispatched with least possible delay.
4. It is stipulated (v.规定，约定) shipment is to be made before the end of this month; however, we shall appreciate it if you will arrange to ship the goods at an earlier date.
5. Your failure to deliver the goods within the stipulated time has greatly inconvenienced us.
6. We take pleasure in notifying you that the goods under S/C No.295 have been dispatched by M/V “Greenwood” sailing on May13, 2008 for Hongkong.
7. We wish to advise you that the goods under S/C567 went forward in the steamer “Yunnan” on July 5. They are to be transshipped at Copenhagen and are expected to reach your port in early September.
8. We take this opportunity to infirm you that we have shipped the above goods on board s.s. (=steamship /steam ship) “Taishan”, which ails for your port tomorrow. Enclosed please find one set of shipping documents covering this consignment.
9. The shipment of chemical fertilizer under Contract No. 7854 will be effected by s.s. “Calchas”, which is scheduled to leave here on 16th May. Please arrange insurance of this cargo.
10. For the goods under S/C No. 9089, we have booked space on s.s. “East Wind” due to arrive in London around 19th May. Please communicate with Lambert Bros. Co., London, our shipping agent, for loading arrangements.
11. Instead of s.s. “West Wind” as preciously advised, you are a full set of non-negotiable documents immediately after the goods were loaded.11.
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