高考英语知识点总结

makes/ killed/ injured型。 which makes/ killed型。 二、 倒装句

完全倒装：将整个谓语移至主语前面（介词短语，时间副词，地点副词等等置于句首）。 1，There be 句型及其变体 eg：There comes the bus。

2，某些副词在句首且句子主语是名词 地点副词，there，here等等。

eg：Here are my replies to your questions。 Here comes the bus。 There goes the bell。

时间副词，then，now等等 eg：Then came to time to part。 Now comes your turn.。

方位副词，in，out, up, down, away, off, back等等。 eg：In comes Mr.smith. Out went the children.

Away ran the frightened tiger.

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken..

3，介词短语放在句首（充当地点状语）

eg：From the valley came a frightening sound. South of the city lies a big steel factory.

4，作表语的adj，过去分词，现在分词在句首

eg：Happy is he who has a sound mind in a sound body.(快了属于这样的人，有健康的体魄和强有力的头脑。)

Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 部分倒装：将助动词，系动词，情态动词放在主语前面。 1， only、only when、only if等等。 eg：Only when he told me did I realize it.

Only by working hard can me make it.(make it “做成功”的意思) 2， 否定，半否定词位于句首。 3，____，so/ nither/ nor。 4，so/ such „„that型。

eg：Such a clever boy is he that„„ 5，虚拟语句的变形 If sb should V = Should sb V If sb were to V= were sb to V

6，几个特别句型

? If it were not for=Were it not for

? If it had not been for=Had not been for ? Not„„nutill，+倒装句 ? adj +a +n（名词）+倒装 eg：How clever a boy he is。

三、 让步状语从句

1， adj/ adv/ n+as/though+主语+谓语型（尽管„„） 注意：句首名词不带冠词。

Eg：Scientist as he is,he remains modest.

2， No matter how /However+adv /adj+S+V型

Eg：However difficult compute science is,I will try my best. 四、 祈使句(下划线为常考知识点) 1，V（原型）开头，will you？

2，祈使句„„，or/and you will„„ 3，祈使句的回答 肯定回答：Yes，I will. 否定回答：No，I will not. 五、 强调句型

1， 强调句基本结构：It is+___+that型 2， 强调句疑问句：Is it +___+that型 3， What/why/where+be it that„„型 4， It is not until„„that„„型

注意：强调句的完整性（从句必有引导词，状语要有介词连接）。以下是几个例子： Eg：It is in this classroom that we had the Mid-autumn party.

It is because his father was in danger that he was very worried. What is it that makes you so unhappy.

It was not until I made so many mistakes that I realize he was right. ★特别提醒一个转换句式

I did not realize he was right until I made so many mistakes. →Not until I made so many mistakes did I realize he was right.

→It was not until I made so many mistakes that I realize he was right. 六、 How come„„?=How it come about?(何以如此？为什么会发生这样的事情呢？) 七、 So what? 那又怎么样？ 八、 What if „„？倘若又„„? 九、 Where there be„„，there be„„.(eg:Where there is a will,there is a way.) 十、 The reason why„„is that „„

Sweet spring, full of sweet days and roses.美妙的春天，充满了美好的日子和芳香的玫瑰。 A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援助并感动你的心扉的人。 Lose not a chance to waken love. 别失去唤醒爱的良机。 Let the more loving one be me. 让我成为更有爱心的人。

It’s easy to be tolerant if you do not care. 如果你不在乎，便很容易宽容。 知识点二 ——冠词 一、 定冠词（The）简记口诀 世界独一二次现， 序词形容高级前， 富人伤员按天算， 方位乐器影剧院， 群岛湖山江湖号， 普专名复合姓氏前， 双知年代击中脸， 特指事物及习惯。

解释：①世界上独一无二的东西，eg：The moon，The earth.。②在文章中第二次出现。③序数词，形容词的最高级

前面用定冠词，eg：The first，the modest。④富人（the rich），伤员(the wounded)这类由形容词变为名词用定冠词，表示计量，度量的这类词用定冠词，eg：by the day。⑤表示方位的词，the up，the back，the east side。乐器前面用定冠词，eg：the piano。影剧院等公共场所也用定冠词。⑥群岛，湖泊，山（不是峰，峰不加定冠词，eg：the huangshan（黄山），Mount Qomolangma(珠穆朗玛峰)），“号”是指一些舰艇的命名，例如：泰坦尼克号，The Titanic。⑦由普通名词转为专有名词，姓氏前面用定冠词。⑧“双知”是指双方都知道的；年代，in the 1990s；“击中脸”这类表达，hit sb by the aim，hit sb on the nose，hit sb in the chest，hit on the head等等。⑨特指事物，一些习惯用定冠词。 二、 不定冠词（a）

1， 由抽象名词变为具体名词，a danger(一个危险的人)，a must(一个必要手段)，a success(一个成功的人)。 2， 在一些比较级前面，a better voice，a more interestes book，a much better answer。 3， 在最高级前，请分清范围问题。没有范围用“a”，有范围用“the”，例如：a most interesting book(一本非常有趣的书)，the most interesting book（最有趣的书），可以看出前者是没有范围的，后者是在所有中比较的，有范围。

4， 表达再一个，又一个用a，例如：吃完一个土豆，还要一个a second potato。再回答一个问题a second question。 5， 表示在众多的之一，eg：a red one红色中的一个，但the red one表示唯一的，相当于特指。 注意：在学习过程中要好好区别定冠词和不定冠词用法细节，还有积累一些常见的特殊用法。 知识点三 ——代词

1， It/they/them的用法： 代指上文说到的名词。 2，some的用法： ? 用于肯定句。

? 不确定指代，eg：some Mr.wang called in while you went out. ? Something 重要人物，大人物（含贬义）。Nobody 什么都不是（含贬义）。Nothing==not anything 什么都不是。 ? 用于有“建议，提议”之意的句中，eg：Would you like some more sugar? ? 用于期待得到肯定回答，eg：Would you please lend me some money. 2，any的用法：

? 用于否定句，疑问句，翻译为“一些”。 ? 用于肯定句，翻译为“任意的，任何的。” 3，every的用法： ? 任意的，任何的。

Eg：While I agree with something,I don’t agree with every thing. 4,一些常见的引申词 Everything 一切

Something more than 不仅仅 Nothing less than 不仅仅 Nothing but 仅仅

Anything but 绝非，绝不是 Nothing more than 仅仅

Nothing is impossible==anything is possible。 5，one/ones的用法：

one指代上面所指其中的一个或者一类。Ones指代上面说到的几个。 6，全部否定 neither，none。部分否定 each both，all，every。 Eg：Both his parents are not workers. All is not gold that glitters.

7，that的代词用法 ：用于平行比较结构。

Eg：She wants to keep her hair as long as that of her sister’s.

The qunlity of the car made in Germany is better than that of those made in Japan.

8，another/other的用法： Another 又一个，再一个；另外的，额外的。The other 两者之一。Others 别人。The other’+复数名词==the others。

Every other day 每隔一天。

Eg：He is taller than all the other students.

The student can take a day off every other week. 一个常识：every tow weeks==a fortnight 十四天。

9，none与no one的用法：

No one 后面不接of，指代人。None 后面可接of，可以指代人，指代物。 Eg：None is in the classroom. None of the student.

★一个特别的固定回答：—How many students in the classroom? —None.

—Who is in the classroom? —No one.

知识点四

——形容词，副词 一、记住几组词义变化

Hard→hardly wide→widely Most→mostly high→highly Deep→deeply near→nearly just→justly 二、 比较级 1， 倍数表达 ? 比较级+than ? As„„as结构

? The+名词（size/length等等）+of==be of a +名词 A and B are of a+名词（color/size）。补充：在这里的“a”意为“同一个”。 2，差值比较（记住这个例子） I am 10 cm taller than you. I am taller than you by 10 cm.

3,The+比较级+S+V，the+比较级+S+V。 比较级and比较级 4，从表达情感看

Not+比较级+ than 只是单纯的比较 No+比较级+than 强调少，反面。 三、 不能修饰比较级的词：very，so，too，as，quite，fairly，more，less，most等等。 可修是比较级的词：程度方面：far，much，even，still，rather

数量方面：many，much，a lot，a great deal，a little，a few（可数）。 四、 排序口诀

县官大腹便便，喜新厌旧，好色误国，贪财图名。 解释：“县”是指一些数词，冠词，指示代词等性词。“官”总体描写词。“大”是指大小，长短，高低的词语。“腹便便”表示形状的词。“新，旧”指年龄。“色”是指颜色。“国”指国籍，产地。“财”指材料。“名”指名词。 提醒：记住顺序，不要记错了！ 五、 1，adj/adv+enough+n。

2， 表示还要，又一个：数词+more+n==another+数词+n。 六、 感官动词，系动词不能用被动语态，用形容词作表语 Eg：Touching soft, the silk sells well.

还有smell good，taste delicious，look fine。

七、 V+宾语+adj 表状态 Wash your hands clean. Cook food delicious. Returned home tired. Open the door wide.

Shut the door tight==the door was tightly closed. 八、 动词的副词形式不表示动作，只表示特征，本质。 The pen writes smoothly The cloth washes easily Glass breaks easily.

知识点五 ——状语从句 一、 时间状语

1， when—表示瞬间，一般过去

while—表示一个过程在进行，过去进行 as—同步的

while还有“趁着„„”之意，eg：strike iron while （it is）hot。 2， before“才„„”，“宁愿„„”，注意与when，that，since区别。 It will not be long before(就) we leave school.

It was 3 years before（才）the police caught the thief. It is 10 years since I was a single.

It was in 1998 that they went to Beijing.

It was 5:00 in the morning when the thief broke.

3，“一„„就”的表达 Immediately，instantly，directory，as soon as，once，the moment，the minute，the second，hardly„„when„„，no sooner„„then等等。 二、 状语从句中的事态变更 用一般现在式表示一般将来 用现在完成式表示将来完成 用一般过去式表示过去将来 三、 状语从句的省略

将从句中的和主句相同的主语去掉，相应的be动词去掉。 When(we are) watching a match，we may as will keep quiet. 四、 原因状语表达

Because，since，as，seeing that，considering that，given that，now that 既然，when 既然。

Why did they make a hole in the inside wall when they could easily make the same me in the outside wall? Why are you looking for a new job when you have such a good one? 五、 条件状语从句

就„„而言：As long as，so long as，so far as 只有„„才：only if„„ 倘若„„ ：if only„„

In case 万一„„，for fear that/lest that 以免，以防„„ 记住两组词：Provided/providing suppose/supposing On condition that 条件是„„ 六、 让步状语从句

No matter how (however)+adv/adj+S+V Adj/adv/n+as/though+S+V

, even so, 尽管如此 even though 尽管„„

陈述句，转折，though。eg：There happened a serious traffic accident here, no one died, though。 Whether„„or„„ 无论„„还是„„ eg：Whether he comes or not，we will set off on time。

知识点六

——定语、状语、名词性从句比较

一、定语从句，先行词作为主语或宾语用which，that（注：可以省略）

先行词作为状语用when，where（可以用“介词+which”代替）。

状语从句，没有先行词，没有介词，时间状语用when，地点状语用where，没有代换结构。 名词性从句（主、宾(介宾，动宾)、表、同） 下面通过几个例子来分析一下它们之间的区别：

1，We will build the factory where there used to be a pool.显然是一个地点状语从句，故用“where”。

2，We will build the factory in a place which/that used to be a pool.由于“a place”是先行词，故判断为定语从句，再看从句部分缺主语，故用which或that。

3，We will build the factory in a place where/in which there used to be a pool. 由于“a place”是先行词，故判断为定语从句，再看从句部分先行词作为状语，故用where，也可以用in which代替。

4，We will have a party when it is warm and fine.没有先行词，它是一个时间状语从句，故用when。 5，We will have a party on what we all think a please day.首先没有先行词，故不是定语从句，再看，“we all think”缺少宾语，加之前面的介词on可知，本句位名词性从句中的宾语从句，故用what。 6，We will have a party on April the 4th, when we will all be free.“April the 4th”为先行词，故为定语从句，“on April the 4th”为时间状语，故用when，可以用on which代替。

7，We will have a party on April the 4th ，which we are looking forward to. “April the 4th”作为先行词，“on April the 4th”为“looking forward to”的宾语，加之前面有逗号可知为非性定语从句，故用which，但不能用that代替。 由此可知，先判断是否有先行词，判断先行词是关键，判断先行词的标准是：看后面所描述的是否为先行词的内容。 二、the way 作为状语时用in which或that，作为主语或宾语时用which。 I don’t like the way in which he treats his only so.

三、与time有关的搭配，当time作为“次数”使用时，与that搭配；当time作“一段时间”与when搭配。 This is the first time that I have gone to Beijing.

He stayed in Beijing for some time when his father was in hospital. 四、定语从句与分句（举例说明）

2， Yesterday he bought 50 eggs, some of which are not fresh. 本句为非性定语从句，缺主语所以用which。 3， Yesterday he bought 50 eggs, and some of them are not fresh. 本句有标志词and和逗号之为分句，又作为主语，故用them。

记住：分句的标志为逗号+and/but/or。形式为：，and/but/or

五、比较such„„that和such„„as，前者是表示结果状语从句；后者表示定语从句，不能出现和先行词重复的结构。

1，Nobel is such a good man as most people around the world admire very much.

2，This is such an interesting film that we all want to see it.“it”指代的就是“an interesting film”形成重复结构，故用that。

3，This is such an interesting film as we all want to see.与2相比少了“it”这一重复结构，为定语从句，用as。 六、表示所属关系的定语从句，记住两个结构 The +n+of whom(先行词是人) ==of whom the +n The +n+of which(先行词是物)==of which the +n

The tall man over there is Mr. Green, whose daughter is a murse in this hospital.

The tall man over there is Mr. Green, the daughter of whom is a murse in this hospital. The tall man over there is Mr. Green, of whom the daughter is a murse in this hospital. 几道综合习题

1， This kind of plants grows best _____it is warm and wet.

2， This kind of plants grows best at place _____ it is warm and wet. 3， This kind of plants grows best in _____has a lot warm and wet. 4， The news _____he told me yesterday was true

5， The news _____the Olympic torch was attacked in pairs caused wide concern.

解析：1，地点状语从句，故用where。2，定语从句，先行词作为地点状语用where。3，有介词“in”，形成介宾，属于名词性从句，缺主语，故用what。4，定语从句，先行词充当宾语，故用which。5，是同位语从句，并且后面结构是完整的，没有残缺成分，故用that。

知识点七

——单句、分句与复句，谓语、非谓语

（参考：云南省富源县第一中学刘会老师讲义） 一、单句、分句与复句

单句只有一个谓语动词，或者用and/or等引出并列谓语，无论句中有无逗号，在其它成分中，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等，表示动作时只能用动词的非谓语结构。

分句是由and/or/but引出的两个或者多个简单句，有逗号分开，各有各的谓语，不用非谓语结构，不用从句的引导词。

复句是由主句加上从句构成，每个句子必须有自己的引导词，少数情况可以省略引导词，但主句前不能用引导词，主句和从句分别有自己的谓语。

简记为：单句只有一谓语。And,but,or 分句， 不用从句引导词。分句从句用谓语， 从句必有引导词，引导从句非主语。 二、★谓语动词与非谓语动词

谓语动词即在句中充当谓语动词，有16种时态及相应的结构，

非谓语动词是指用在主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语中表示动作概念的动词形式，共有3类12种。 第一类、动名词。作主语或宾语。主动结构为V-ing，被动结构为being+v-ed；完成结构主动为having v-ed；完成结构被动为having been v-ed。

第二类、分词。作表语、状语、补语、定语。

1， 作表语时，表主动或进行，用v-ing；表示被动或完成，用v-ed； 2， 作状语时，根据分词和句子之间的主动、被动关系，分为：

1) 一般主动。即句子主语和分词是主谓关系，不强调分词动作和句子动作之间的先后关系，用v-ing。 2) 完成式主动。即句子和分词是主谓关系，分词动作发生在句子动作之前，或对句子动作产生一定的结果或影响，用having v-ed。

3) 一般被动。即句子主语和分词是动宾关系，不强调分词动作和句子动作之间的先后关系，用v-ed。

4) 进行式被动。即句子和分词是动宾关系，强调分词动作发生在句子动作同时发生，理解为“正在被„„”，用being v-ed。

5) 完成式被动。即句子和分词是动宾关系，强调分词动作发生在句子动作之前，或对句子动作产生一定的结果或影响，理解为“已经被„„”，用having been v-ed。

3， 作定语时，根据和被限定的名词之间的主动、被动关系分为： 表示主动或进行，用v-ing； 表示被动或完成。用v-ed。

4， 作补语时，一般动词后的宾语补语，表示主动或进行，用v-ing；表示感觉器官的动词或使役动词如果是主动语态，它的宾语补语，一般性的主动动作，用不带to的不定式；强调动作的进行，用v-ing；表示被动的动作，用过去分词。如果感觉器官的动词或使役动词是被动用法，表示一般性主动动作，用带to的不定式；强调动作的进行，用v-ing；表示被动的动作，用过去分词。 第三类、不定式。

1， 不定式的5种结构，以do为例： 1) 、to do，一般动作的主动式；

2) 、to be done，一般动作的被动式；

3) 、to be doing，进行式，表示谓语动作发生时，不定时表示的动作正在进行；

4) 、to have done，完成动作的主动式，表示谓语动作发生时，不定时表示的一个主动的动作已经完成或结束，并对谓语动作产生一定的结果或影响；

5) 、to have been done，完成动作的被动式，表示谓语动作发生时，不定时表示的一个被动的动作已经完成或结束，并对谓语动作产生一定的结果或影响。 2，不定式与动名词在用法上的区别：

动名词表示的是经常性、常规性、发生过的动作；

不定式表示的是目的性、说话后一次性、未发生、即将发生的动作。 例如：Smoking is bad for your health. Your task is to keep watch.

简记为：动名词：经常、常规、发生了； 不定式：目的、一次、或将要。 3，不定式主动结构表示被动意义：

1) 除表示情绪的形容词外，形容词作表语时，后面的不定式，无论表示主动还是被动的动作，要用主动性是表示被动意义；

2) Have sth to do 用于主语是不定式动作所的执行者；to be done 用于主语不是不定式动作的执行者；例如： A. —Is there anything I can do to help? —Yes，I have some letters to be typed. B. —Will you be free this afternoon ?

—I’m afraid not. I have a lot of letters to type.

3) 在too„to„或enough„to„的结构中，用不定式主动结构表示被动意义； 4) There be 句型中，用不定式主动结构表示被动意义。 三、 ★ 非谓语的使用简记为：

用于表定和补语，ing（应）表主动或进行， E D被动或完成。分词状语多变化， 主动被动要分清，一般主动I N G， 完成having加ED。要表被动用ED， “正在被”用being ed，“已经被”加Having been。 To的动作未发生，说说将要或目的， 掌握主动表被动，五种结构记得清。

四、 本部分综合训练题

1. On Saturday afternoon，Mrs. Green went to the market, A some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see A the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier B it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 4. D down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 5. Most of the artists A to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. had been invited 6. There are five pairs B ,but I’m at a loss which to buy.

A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing

7. The computer center, D last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

8. The first textbooks D for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

9. The Olympic Games, C in 776 B.C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 10. A more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. having given

11. The secretary worked late into the nigh, B a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

12. European football is played in 80countries, A it the most popular sport in the would. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 13. —Good morning. Can I help you?

—I’d like to have this package D , Madame.

A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 14. John was made A the truck for a week as punishment.

A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 15. The missing boys were last seen A near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

16. Paul doesn’t have to be make B he always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 17. Seeing the sun C above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D. raising

18. He let me repeat his instruction A sure that I understood what was___after he went away. A.to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to do 19. —Let me tell you something about the journalists. —Don’t you remember B me the story yesterday?

A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told

20. ______ (see) from the hill, our school is very beautiful. 21. ______ (use) many times, this pen seems very old. 22. ______ (catch) the first bus, I got up very early.

23. ______ (separate) from other continents for thousands of years, Australia has many unusual animals. 24. _______ (know) what to do, he just stayed at home. 25._______ (practical) several times, he can do it well. 附加：几个有意思的变化

知识点八 ——主格 一、概念

主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。

二、主格的构成

名词（代词）+ 现在分词、过去分词 名词（代词）+ 不定式 名词（代词）+ 形容词短语 名词（代词）+ 副词 名词（代词）+ 介词短语

主格结构可以放在主句前、中、后，位置灵活多变，例如： 1， Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 2， The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.

3， The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, toward another room. 三、主格结构的用法 1，作时间状语

My shoes removed, I entered a large room, treading cautiously on the soft mat.

==After my shoes removed, I entered a large room, treading cautiously on the soft mat. 脱掉鞋子后，我走进了一间很大的房间，小心翼翼的踩在柔软的垫子上。 Greetings being over, they got down to business.

==After they greeted each other, they got down to business. 寒暄几句后，他们谈起了正事。 2， 作条件状语

Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow. ==If weather permits, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.

如果天气允许的话，我们明天将去野餐。 3，作原因状语

There being nothing else to do, they went away.

==They went away because there was nothing else to do. 由于无事可做，他们离开了。 4，作伴随状语

Miss Geller sat there, head down.

==Miss Geller sat there with her head down. 盖勒小姐坐在那里，低着头。 5，名词+介词短语

The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人提着走进了森林。 6，名词+形容词(短语)

The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside.

7，名词+副词

Class over, all students went to play on the playground. 8，★由with构成的主格结构

With+n+adj/ to v/ v-ing/ v-ed 型，表示伴随时，不能用谓语结构。 He told me his secret, with his face very red. It is bad manners to talk with your mouth.

Mary rushed in, with a lot of sweat on her face.

I didn’t sleep well last night, with a mouse under the bed. 特别提醒：主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

知识点九 ——虚拟语句

一、表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件中，条件句中谓语用相当于过去式的形式，主句中的谓语用“would（might，could）+动词原形”，例如：

1, If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.

2, If they invited me tomorrow, I would certainly attend it. 3, If you worked hard, you might succeed.

4, If you could type, you could save a lot of time.

二、表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件中，在条件从句中有时还可以用“were to+动词原形”或“should+动词原形”这两种形式。条件从句中用“were to+动词原形”是说话人的态度更加委婉。 1，If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.

2, If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine, ring this number. 三、表示过去情况的虚拟条件从句中，条件从句中的谓语用相当于过去完成时的形式，主句中的谓语用“would (could/ might)have + 过去分词”形式。这类语句表示一个于过去事实相反的情况。

1，If you had finished your homework, you wouldn’t have been critized by the teacher. 2，If anything had been wrong, we would have been informed.

3，If we had found out the problem earlier, the accident might not have happened.

4，If it had not been for your encouragement, I would not have passed the examination. 四、虚拟语气中的省略（倒装） 1，If I were you, I would refuse. == Were I you, I would refuse.

2，If I were in your shoes, I would let him know what I thought of him == Were I in your shoes, I would let him know what I thought of him 3， If It weren’t for your help, we would be in a serious trouble. == Were it not for you help, we would be in a serious trouble.

4， If it hadn’t been for your help, we would have finished so early. == Hadn’t been for your help, we would have finished so early. 五、It’s (high) time+虚拟语气，表示“是该„„的时候了”。 It’s time you told me the truth.

It’s time we prepared for our final examination. It’s high time your elder brother got married.

六、用在that位于句首引出的句子里，表示某种愿望或感情色彩。“should”译为“竟然”。 That he should be a policeman.

七、虚拟语气用在to think（that）位于句首引出的句子中，译为“没想到„„”。 To think he should have treated me like that.

八、虚拟语气用在would that位于句首引出的句子中，表示“但愿„„”。 Would that he passed the exam! 九、“May”开头表示某些祝愿。

May there never be another world war. 十、“if need be”表示“如果必要”

I will help you if need be.如果有必要，我会帮助你的。 十一、“as it were”(were就是虚拟语气)，表示“宛如、好像”。 Wang is my best friend, my second self, as it were.

王是我最好的朋友，可以说是第二个我自己。 十二、“would have though”,本身为虚拟语气，意为“会想到、会以为”等。 Who would have thought you are here! 谁会想到你竟然会在这里。

imperative（表命令语气） vital（表建议语气） important（表建议） appropriate（表建议）

十三、It is essential (表命令) that 后面用虚拟语气。 strange (表竟然，惊讶语气) seem （表惊讶） surprising (表惊讶)

unbelievable （表惊讶）

eg：It is imperative that he (should) work lat tonight.

It is vital to your career that you (should) learn English well. It is strange that she should wear such a skirt.

It seems so unexpected that the disaster should occur to Chinese people. 十四、主语是order（表命令），instruction，decree，decision（表决定），idea，requirement（表命令），suggestion（表建议），demand（表命令），wish，等名词，气候的标语从句中要用虚拟语气，用“（should+）动词原形”作谓语。

eg：His decision is that his son (should) be sent to American for further study. My suggestion is that we (should) go to Hainan for a holiday. 十五、翻译训练

1，他愿望有朝一日获得诺贝尔文学奖。 2，有必要由他来负责这个项目。 3，如果他要辞职，谁来接替他？ 4，你要是需要什么就给我打个电话。 5，谁会想到她竟然是那样的人！

6，我想现在是给他们一次教训的时候了。 答案：见下页。

1，His wish is that he (should) win the Nobel Prize for literature one day. 2，It is essential that he (should) be in charge of the project. 3，If he were to resign, who would take his place? 4，Should you require anything, just give me a ring. 5，Who would have thought he was a person like that! 6，I think it’s time they were taught a lesson.

知识点十 ——作文

一、常见的开头语句

1，The importance of „„can’t be over emphasized. „„的重要想在强调也不为过。 eg：The importance of protecting the environment can’t be over emphasized.

2，„„poses a great threat to our existence. „„对我们的生存造成了很大的威胁。 eg：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 3，„„has both advantages and disadvantages.

eg: Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.

4，With the development of „, an increasing number of students are „„

With the development of our economy and society, pollution is more and more serious.

With the rapid development of science and technology, people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.

5，When it comes to„，some people think/ believe that„，others argue/ claim that opposite/ reverse is true. 当说到„„，有些人认为„„，但另一些人则持相反的观点。 6，According to recent survey, „„

7，„„is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s society. We can see it almost everywhere. As the graph depicts,„„。

8，Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of„„。 9，The English proverb say, „„. This is quite true because„„。 二、常见的过渡语句

1，However, every coin has it’s tow sides, _____has it’s disadvantage.

2，On the contrary, there are some in favor of_____. At the same time. They say _____. 3，There are several measures for us to adopt. First , we can_____. 4，Nonetheless, I believe that ____ is more advantageous. 三、常见的结尾

1，In my opinion, ______.

2，Form what has been discussed above , we can safely draw a conclusion like this:____.

3，In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse .

英语作文的高分策略：1，开头、衔接、过渡、结尾要经典，千万不能犯错；2，力求用高级词汇，善用倒装句，还有一些较为复杂的句型，但要求能会用，不要强求；3，书写要清秀。 总之，写好英语作文要注重平时的积累，多度多背一些好的句子句型。 杂谈

1，遇到 in the past，in the last，recent years 等等时，有现在完成时。 eg: A great numbers of tall buildings A in the last twenty years.

A. have been built B. has been built C. have built D. had been bulit 2，marry（结婚），match（和„„相配），divorce（离婚） 不能与with连用。 Tom has been married to Mali for ten years.

Tom got married to Mali ten years ago.注意这两个句子，看看时态变化。 3，“指控”的两个搭配charge sb with sth 与 accuse sb of sth 4，区分be worth doing sth和 sth

be worthy of doing sth/ being done 显然后者可以接名词，动名词，不定式的被动语态。 to be done 5，hope for 希望得到„„ beg sb for 祈求的道„„

beg one’s pardon 请求原谅，听不清

6，It is/ has been + 一段时间 since +从句。从句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，意为“做某事已有很长时间”；当为延续动词或表状态的动词时，意为“结束某动作有多长时间”。 eg：It has been a few years since he fell ill. It has been a few years since he was ill.

前者表示他生病已有一年了，后者表示从他上次生病到现在已有一年没生病了。 7，It was / will be + 一段时间 + before„„ 过多久/ 要多长时间才„„ It will be long before he comes back.

It was two hours before he came back. 8， problem

have（no、little） trouble （in）doing sth “在„„方面有„„” difficulty

I have some difficulty in understanding my parents.

9，you’d better==you might as well 10，separate 部分与部分分开 divide 把整体分开 11，表示将来的几种形式 will、shall + V

be going to + V 根据个人意愿打算做，根据已有的迹象推断将来 am/ is/ are v-ing

一般现在，固定时间，航班，火车 be to do 表示按计划将要发生什么 My plane leaves at seven。 My plane is to make a pattern。

12，Consider 作“考虑”意义时，consider sth/ doing sth.。 Consider作“把„„当作”时，consider_____(as/ to be)。 Consider/ Givien +句子，“考虑到„„” 、“顾及„„因素”。 13，mean to do sth 故意，想要做„„ mean doing sth 意味着，意思是。

I didn’t mean to you last night, but you were not at home. To succeed means working hard. 14，表示方法，方式的搭配 by this means in this way

with this method 15，stare at 盯着看 glance at 瞥视 glare at 怒视

If you see a beauty in the street, you can look at her or glance at her, but never stare at her, or else/ otherwise, she will glare at you.

16，before 的几个特别用法 “还来不及”，before sb +V “才”。It was 3 years before the police caught the murderer. It was not long before„„ 过了不久

„„than ever before 比以往任何时候„„ 17，“速度快、价格高、温度高”都用high来描述。 The speed is very fast high.

You temperature is not hot high. The price is not very expensive high. 18，对一个名词概念提问用“what”。 What how fast is his speed? What where is his address? 19，否定转移

I don’t like this film because it is interesting, but that is moving. 我喜欢这部电影不是因为有趣，而是因为感人。 I don’t think he is an honest man.我认为他不是一个诚实的人。 20，event （大型、正规的）比赛项目；重大事件。

affair 烦杂的事情， love affairs 绯闻 business 分内之事，商业 incident 小事件，小插曲 conflict 矛盾，冲突 accident 事故（意外） Mind your own business.

None of your business. 不要多管闲事。 21，under 作“正在被、受到了”之意 under attack 受到袭击

under construction 正在被建设 22，“分离结构”千万别上当。

That great day he had been looking forward to came (come) at last. 分析句子，也许当你看到“looking forward to”就想到了用coming，但在这里“he had been looking forward to”是作为一个插入语（可省略），本意为“他期盼已久的那天终于来了”，故用came。

还有We will do everything we can to save (save) our city。 23，通过某种协议、法律的“应该”用“should”。而表示建议的用had better、ought to、may as well。 24，“nature（自然界）、society（社会）、space（太空）”这些名词前不加冠词。 但是，当nature表示“本质”时用定冠词the。 25，与数量有关的量词后面的单复数归纳

The number of Ns „„的数量，谓语动词用单数 a number of Ns 许多的，大量的，谓语动词用复数

the amount of N（不可数）„„的数量，谓语动词用单数

a large amount of N（不可数）许多的，大量的，谓语动词用单数 the quantity of N（可数或不可数），谓语动词用单数

a large quantity of N 不可数，许多的，谓语动词用单数 可数，许多的，谓语动词用复数

总结：凡带“the „„”表示“„„的数量”后面的谓语用单数，只有a number of Ns和a large quantity of Ns 用复数。

特别提醒： large amounts of N

large quantities of N 后面谓语动词都用复数。 26，引用名言结构

Just as the proverb goes, “„„” There is a famous saying, “„„”

27，have 作为实意动词时，have sth to do，have sth to be done。 have 作为使役动词时，have sth/ sb to V(原型),不带to v-ing（主动或进行） v-ed（被动或完成） If you feel cold, you can have the fire burning.

When he brushes his teeth, he just have water running. have sth v-ed ，有一种不可抗力的作用。例如：

In the hurricane, many parks had many ancient trees destroyed. 28，情态动词表示猜测时，反义问句要用真实语态。 I must be having a bath then you came in.

→I was having a bath then you came in, wasn’t I ? They must have arrived in Kunming „„ →They have arrived „„，haven’t they?

29，suggest/ demand/ hope sb to do 直接接宾语从句，不能接不定式。 30，由“be”构成的短语作为状语或定语时，只要将be去掉就行了。

Worn out after a long walk, Harry called and said he couldn’t come to our meeting.本来是“Harry was worn out (累坏了) ”，在这里作为状语，故省略was就行了。

31，not to mention==leave alone==not to speak 跟不用说 Not surprisingly 不足为奇 Blame sb for 为„„指责某人

To be blame (for) 应该受到责备（但无被动形式） 32，have a word with sb 和„„说话 have words with sb 和„„吵架 33，considerable 大量的，很多 considerate 考虑周全的人 34，描写人物形象的词汇

好的：generous、kind、caring（知心的）、have conscience（有良知） 不好的：mean、selfish、unkind、hard、cold、impatient 35，几个常见的句型结构 There is no need to do There is no point v-ing There is no doubt that It is no good/ use v-ing

It makes no sense / difference to do

Why not/ why don’t you do (注意不是to do) What /how about v-ing

36， sitting wearing the missing boy Seated be dressed in the lost boy

Facing the remaining n be deep in thought Be faced with the n left be lost in thought

注意：上面几组是等价的。

37，当遇到“as well as、with、together with、besides、no less than、like、but、except”等词时，后面的谓语与这些词前面的主谓保持一致。 38， be wide awake

be fast asleep be sound asleep

39，“出了什么事”的几种不同表达 What's wrong with „? What's the matter with „? What's the trouble with „? What happened (to sb.)?

40，“众所周知”常用表达法：

It is known to all that „ 主语从句，that 不能省 As is known to all 定语从句，置于句首 We all know (that) 后接宾语从句 Everyone knows (that) 后接宾语从句

,which is known to all 非限定从句，置于句末