一.宾语从句的含义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如:She knewthat the teacher had seen the film.
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
二.宾语从句的分类
1.动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如:He askedwhose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 2.介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。 如:I agree withwhat you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。 3.形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。 如:I am afraidthat I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。 三.引导名词性从句的连接词
1.that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
2.whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't knowif /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
3.连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don't knowwhat is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语) Could you tell mewhy you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)
四.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点 1.时态:
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。 I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 ②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 ③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。 2.语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
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